Discordance in Retinal and Choroidal Vascular Densities in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography.

Purpose: In the present study, the retinal and choroidal vascular densities (VDs) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients were analyzed using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

Methods: The study included 282 eyes of 152 patients with type 2 DM (114 without retinopathy, 79 nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), 48 severe NPDR, and 41 proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) eyes). The superficial and deep retinal vessel, choriocapillaris, and choroidal VDs were measured using a binarization method on OCTA images.

Cytokines associated with hemorrhage in proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

Purpose: To investigate aqueous cytokine levels in association with hemorrhage in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods: Sixty-six eyes with treatment-naïve PDR, including 26 hemorrhagic and 40 nonhemorrhagic eyes were included in this institutional study. Aqueous humor levels of interleukin (IL)-1b, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and soluble VEGF receptor-1 were obtained by multiplex bead assay.