Surveillance of Isolates in Korea from 2012 to 2014.

Objectives: To investigate the prevalence and toxin production characteristics of non-emetic and emetic strains isolated via the laboratory surveillance system in Korea.

Methods: A total of 667 strains were collected by the Korea National Research Institute of Health laboratory surveillance system from 2012 to 2014. The collected strains were analyzed by geographical region, season, patient age, and patient sex.

Genetic diversity of Campylobacter jejuni isolates from Korea and travel-associated cases from east and southeast Asian countries.

Forty domestic and travel-associated Campylobacter jejuni isolates were analyzed by profiling 7 pathogenic genes (cdtB, cadF, Cj0131, ciaB, racR, wlaN, and virB11) along with multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. cdtB, cadF, and Cj0131 were present in all isolates, whereas virB11 was not detected in either domestic or travel-associated isolates. ciaB was present in all domestic isolates and 94% of travel-associated isolates.

Comparative proteomic label-free analysis of Campylobacter jejuni NCTC 11168 cultured with porcine mucin.

Campylobacter jejuni is a major gastrointestinal pathogen in humans. Poultry is a primary reservoir for C. jejuni, and C.

Enhanced Type III Secretion System Expression of Atypical Shigella flexneri II:(3)4,7(8).

Objectives: We aimed at evaluating the virulence of atypical Shigella flexneri II:(3)4,7(8) by DNA microarray and invasion assay.

Methods: We used a customized S. flexneri DNA microarray to analyze an atypical S.

Dynamic localization of the actin-bundling protein cortexillin I during cell migration.

Cortexillins are actin-bundling proteins that play a critical role in regulating cell morphology and actin cytoskeleton reorganization in Dictyostelium. Here, we investigated dynamic subcellular localization of cortexillin I in chemotaxing Dictyostelium cells. Most of the cortexillin I was enriched on the lateral sides of moving cells.

Chemoattractant-mediated Rap1 activation requires GPCR/G proteins.

Rap1 is rapidly activated upon chemoattractant stimulation and plays an important role in cell adhesion and cytoskeletal reorganization during chemotaxis. Here, we demonstrate that G-protein coupled receptors and G-proteins are essential for chemoattractant-mediated Rap1 activation in Dictyostelium. The rapid Rap1 activation upon cAMP chemoattractant stimulation was absent in cells lacking chemoattractant cAMP receptors cAR1/cAR3 or a subunit of the heterotrimeric G-protein complex Gα2.

Itraconazole and rifampin alter significantly the disposition and antihistamine effect of ebastine and its metabolites in healthy participants.

The present study was performed to elucidate the effects of itraconazole and rifampin on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ebastine, a nonsedative H1 receptor antagonist. In a 3-way crossover sequential design with 2-week washouts, 10 healthy participants were pretreated with itraconazole for 6 days, rifampin for 10 days, or neither. After oral administration of 20 mg ebastine, blood and urine samples were collected for 72 and 24 hours, respectively, and histamine-induced wheal and flare reactions were measured to assess the antihistamine response for 12 hours.

Effect of itraconazole on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of fexofenadine in relation to the MDR1 genetic polymorphism.

Objective: Our objective was to evaluate the effect of itraconazole, a P-glycoprotein inhibitor, on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of fexofenadine, a P-glycoprotein substrate, in relation to the multidrug resistance 1 gene (MDR1) G2677T/C3435T haplotype.

Methods: A single oral dose of 180 mg fexofenadine was administered to 7 healthy subjects with the 2677GG/3435CC (G/C) haplotype and 7 with the 2677TT/3435TT (T/T) haplotype. One hour before the fexofenadine dose, either 200 mg itraconazole or placebo was administered to the subjects in a double-blinded, randomized, crossover manner with a 2-week washout period.