Patient-reported effects of transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation on spasticity in patients with spinal cord injury.

Objectives: Assess pateint-reported effects of transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (tSCS) on spasticity after multiple treatment.

Design: An uncontrolled prospective case series study.

Setting: A rehabilitation hospital.

Genome-wide association study of rice (Oryza sativa L.) inflorescence architecture.

Rice yield strongly depends on panicle size and architecture but the genetics underlying these traits and their coordination with environmental cues through various signaling pathways have remained elusive. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed to pinpoint the underlying genetic determinants for rice panicle architecture by analyzing 20 panicle-related traits using a data set consisting of 44,100 SNPs. We defined QTL windows around significant SNPs by the rate of LD decay for each chromosome and used these windows to identify putative candidate genes associated with the trait.

Comparative Proteomics of Resistant and Susceptible Strains of Frankliniella occidentalis to Abamectin.

Western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is an invasive agricultural pest with developed resistance to abamectin in some strains due to frequent treatment with the pesticide. In this study, we examined differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) between abamectin-resistant (Aba; under abamectin selective pressure) and susceptible strains (Aba; without abamectin selective pressure) of F. occidentalis.

Genome-wide association study (GWAS) uncovers candidate genes linked to the germination performance of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under salt stress.

Background: Improving the germination performance of bread wheat is an important breeding target in many wheat-growing countries where seedlings are often established in soils with high salinity levels. This study sought to characterize the molecular mechanisms underlying germination performance in salt-stressed wheat. To achieve this goal, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed on 292 Iranian bread wheat accessions, including 202 landraces and 90 cultivars.

Molecular mechanisms of flowering time differentiation revealed by transcriptomic sequencing and de novo analysis in Chinese invasive populations of Ambrosia artemisiifolia.

Background: Ambrosia artemisiifolia is a highly invasive herb with deleterious effects on public health and agricultural systems. Flowering time in this species has been reported to vary along a latitudinal gradient, which may contribute to local adaptation and invasion success in China. However, the molecular basis for the flowering time differentiation remains unclear.

An Improved Chromosome-scale Genome Assembly and Population Genetics resource for Populus tremula.

Aspen (Populus tremula L.) is a keystone species and a model system for forest tree genomics. We present an updated resource comprising a chromosome-scale assembly, population genetics and genomics data.

The genetic architecture of repeated local adaptation to climate in distantly related plants.

Closely related species often use the same genes to adapt to similar environments. However, we know little about why such genes possess increased adaptive potential and whether this is conserved across deeper evolutionary lineages. Adaptation to climate presents a natural laboratory to test these ideas, as even distantly related species must contend with similar stresses.

Integrating evolutionary genomics of forest trees to inform future tree breeding amid rapid climate change.

Global climate change is leading to rapid and drastic shifts in environmental conditions, posing threats to biodiversity and nearly all life forms worldwide. Forest trees serve as foundational components of terrestrial ecosystems and play a crucial and leading role in combating and mitigating the adverse effects of extreme climate events, despite their own vulnerability to these threats. Therefore, understanding and monitoring how natural forests respond to rapid climate change is a key priority for biodiversity conservation.

Fumarate reductase drives methane emissions in the genus Oryza through differential regulation of the rhizospheric ecosystem.

The emergence of waterlogged Oryza species ∼15Mya (million years ago) supplied an anoxic warm bed for methane-producing microorganisms, and methane emissions have hence accompanied the entire evolutionary history of the genus Oryza. However, to date no study has addressed how methane emission has been altered during Oryza evolution. In this paper we used a diverse collection of wild and cultivated Oryza species to study the relation between Oryza evolution and methane emissions.

Why we thrive beneath a northern sky - genomic signals of selection in apple for adaptation to northern Sweden.

Good understanding of the genomic regions underlying adaptation of apple to boreal climates is needed to facilitate efficient breeding of locally adapted apple cultivars. Proper infrastructure for phenotyping and evaluation is essential for identification of traits responsible for adaptation, and dissection of their genetic composition. However, such infrastructure is costly and currently not available for the boreal zone of northern Sweden.

The super-pangenome of Populus unveils genomic facets for its adaptation and diversification in widespread forest trees.

Understanding the underlying mechanisms and links between genome evolution and adaptive innovations stands as a key goal in evolutionary studies. Poplars, among the world's most widely distributed and cultivated trees, exhibit extensive phenotypic diversity and environmental adaptability. In this study, we present a genus-level super-pangenome comprising 19 Populus genomes, revealing the likely pivotal role of private genes in facilitating local environmental and climate adaptation.

Response to Waterlogging Stress in Wild and Domesticated Accessions of Timothy () and Its Relatives and .

Timothy () is a cool-season perennial forage grass widely grown for silage and hay production in northern regions. Climate change scenarios predict an increase in extreme weather events with fluctuating periods of high rainfall, requiring new varieties adapted to waterlogging (WL). Wild accessions could serve as germplasm for breeding, and we evaluated the responses of 11 wild and 8 domesticated accessions of timothy, and from different locations in northern Europe.

Whole-genome resequencing facilitates the development of a 50K single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping array for Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and its transferability to other pine species.

Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is one of the most widespread and economically important conifer species in the world. Applications like genomic selection and association studies, which could help accelerate breeding cycles, are challenging in Scots pine because of its large and repetitive genome.

Phenotypic Diversity in Domesticated and Wild Timothy Grass, and Closely Related Species for Forage Breeding.

Timothy grass ( L.) is one of the most important forage crops in temperate regions. Forage production, however, faces many challenges, and new cultivars adapted to a changing climate are needed.

Dissecting the genetic basis of drought responses in common bean using natural variation.

The common bean ( L) is the most important legume for human consumption, contributing 30% of the total daily protein intake in developing countries. A major limitation for its cultivation is drought, which causes more than 60% of the annual losses. Among physiological adaptations to drought, delaying senescence and extending the photosynthetic capacity can improve crop productivity.

Genomic and transcriptomic analyses reveal polygenic architecture for ecologically important traits in aspen ( Michx.).

Intraspecific genetic variation in foundation species such as aspen ( Michx.) shapes their impact on forest structure and function. Identifying genes underlying ecologically important traits is key to understanding that impact.

Large effect of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria on the growth and gene expression of spp. at low phosphorus levels.

Phosphorus is one of the most important nutrients required for plant growth and development. However, owing to its low availability in the soil, phosphorus is also one of the most difficult elements for plants to acquire. Phosphorus released into the soil from bedrock quickly becomes unavailable to plants, forming poorly soluble complexes.

Quantifying adaptive evolution and the effects of natural selection across the Norway spruce genome.

Detecting natural selection is one of the major goals of evolutionary genomics. Here, we sequenced the whole genome of 25 Picea abies individuals and quantified the amount of selection across the genome. Using an estimate of the distribution of fitness effects, we showed that both negative selection and the rate of positively selected substitutions are very limited in coding regions.

Drivers of genomic landscapes of differentiation across a Populus divergence gradient.

Speciation, the continuous process by which new species form, is often investigated by looking at the variation of nucleotide diversity and differentiation across the genome (hereafter genomic landscapes). A key challenge lies in how to determine the main evolutionary forces at play shaping these patterns. One promising strategy, albeit little used to date, is to comparatively investigate these genomic landscapes as progression through time by using a series of species pairs along a divergence gradient.

Genomic vulnerability to climate change in Quercus acutissima, a dominant tree species in East Asian deciduous forests.

Understanding the evolutionary processes that shape the landscape of genetic variation and influence the response of species to future climate change is critical for biodiversity conservation. Here, we sampled 27 populations across the distribution range of a dominant forest tree, Quercus acutissima, in East Asia, and applied genome-wide analyses to track the evolutionary history and predict the fate of populations under future climate. We found two genetic groups (East and West) in Q.

Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) and genome prediction of seedling salt tolerance in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

Background: Salinity tolerance in wheat is imperative for improving crop genetic capacity in response to the expanding phenomenon of soil salinization. However, little is known about the genetic foundation underlying salinity tolerance at the seedling growth stage of wheat. Herein, a GWAS analysis was carried out by the random-SNP-effect mixed linear model (mrMLM) multi-locus model to uncover candidate genes responsible for salt tolerance at the seedling stage in 298 Iranian bread wheat accessions, including 208 landraces and 90 cultivars.

Genome-wide association study to identify genomic loci associated with early vigor in bread wheat under simulated water deficit complemented with quantitative trait loci meta-analysis.

A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was used to identify associated loci with early vigor under simulated water deficit and grain yield under field drought in a diverse collection of Iranian bread wheat landraces. In addition, a meta-quantitative trait loci (MQTL) analysis was used to further expand our approach by retrieving already published quantitative trait loci (QTL) from recombinant inbred lines, double haploids, back-crosses, and F2 mapping populations. In the current study, around 16%, 14%, and 16% of SNPs were in significant linkage disequilibrium (LD) in the A, B, and D genomes, respectively, and varied between 5.