Application of Transcriptome-Based Gene Set Featurization for Machine Learning Model to Predict the Origin of Metastatic Cancer.

Identifying the primary site of origin of metastatic cancer is vital for guiding treatment decisions, especially for patients with cancer of unknown primary (CUP). Despite advanced diagnostic techniques, CUP remains difficult to pinpoint and is responsible for a considerable number of cancer-related fatalities. Understanding its origin is crucial for effective management and potentially improving patient outcomes.

Ezetimibe, Niemann-Pick C1 like 1 inhibitor, modulates hepatic phospholipid metabolism to alleviate fat accumulation.

Background: Ezetimibe, which lowers cholesterol by blocking the intestinal cholesterol transporter Niemann-Pick C1 like 1, is reported to reduce hepatic steatosis in humans and animals. Here, we demonstrate the changes in hepatic metabolites and lipids and explain the underlying mechanism of ezetimibe in hepatic steatosis.

Methods: We fed Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats a high-fat diet (60 kcal % fat) with or vehicle (control) or ezetimibe (10 mg kg) via stomach gavage for 12 weeks and performed comprehensive metabolomic and lipidomic profiling of liver tissue.

RNA-Seq-Based Molecular Classification Analyses in Colorectal Cancer and Synchronous Adenoma.

Colorectal cancers (CRC) are classified into consensus molecular subtypes (CMS) based on gene expression profiles. The revised classification system iCMS was proposed by considering intrinsic epithelial status, microsatellite instability (MSI), and fibrosis. This study aimed to provide molecular evidence for the adenoma-carcinoma sequence concept by examining CRC and synchronous adenomas using iCMS.

Gemigliptin, a DPP4 inhibitor, ameliorates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis through AMP-activated protein kinase-independent and ULK1-mediated autophagy.

Objective: Abnormal autophagic function and activated inflammasomes are typical features in the liver of patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Here, we explored whether gemigliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitor for treatment of type 2 diabetes, can induce autophagy and regulate inflammasome activation as a potential NASH treatment independent of its anti-diabetic effect.

Methods: Expression analysis was performed using human liver samples obtained from 18 subjects who underwent hepatectomy.

Diagnostic performance of a novel ultrasound-based quantitative method to assess liver steatosis in histologically identified nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Aims: To investigate the diagnostic performance of ultrasound-guided attenuation parameter (UGAP) for the detection of hepatic steatosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) cohorts using histopathology as the reference standard andcomparing it with that of various imaging modalities.

Materials And Methods: A total of 87 subjects who underwent UGAP, controlled attenuation parameter (CAP), and magnetic resonance imaging-based proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF) between December, 2020 and January, 2022 were enrolled. Of these patients, 38 patients had NAFLD.

Dual Oxidase 2 (DUOX2) as a Proteomic Biomarker for Predicting Treatment Response to Chemoradiation Therapy for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: Using High-Throughput Proteomic Analysis and Machine Learning Algorithm.

High-throughput mass-spectrometry-based quantitative proteomic analysis was performed using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) biopsy samples obtained before treatment from 13 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC), who were treated with concurrent chemoradiation therapy (CCRT) followed by surgery. Patients were divided into complete responder (CR) and non-complete responder (nCR) groups. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of 79 independent FFPE tissue samples was performed to validate the predictive ability of proteomic biomarker candidates.

Aspergillus appendicitis complicating chemotherapy of leukemia: A case report and review of the literature.

Introduction: The diagnosis of primary Aspergillus appendicitis can be missed or delayed because of its rarity. We report our experience of a case of Aspergillus appendicitis complicating chemotherapy of leukemia.

Presentation Of Case: A 48-year-old man who was diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia developed high fever and epigastric pain two weeks after administration of his fourth consolidation chemotherapy.

Venous Invasion and Perineural Invasion as Upstaging and Poor Prognostic Factors in N0 Gastric Cancers.

Background/aim: Lymph node metastasis is an important prognostic factor in gastric cancer patients. In node-negative (N0) gastric cancer patients, additional prognostic factors are needed to reinforce TNM staging.

Patients And Methods: We semi-quantitatively recorded the presence of lymphatic, venous, and perineural invasion and evaluated the possibility that they could be used as upstaging factors in N0 gastric cancer by comparing N0 gastric cancer cases with N1 cases.

Proto-oncogene Pokemon in thyroid cancer: a potential promoter of tumorigenesis in papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Background: Pokemon is an oncogenic transcription regulator that plays a critical role in cellular differentiation. Although it has been found to be overexpressed in several types of cancer involving different organs, its role in thyroid gland has yet to be reported. The objective of this study was to evaluate the expression of Pokemon in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) based on clinicopathological parameters.

Clinicopathological characteristics and outcomes of gastrointestinal stromal tumors with high progranulin expression.

Background & Aims: Progranulin (PGRN) is known to promote tumorigenesis and proliferation of several types of cancer cells. However, little is known about the clinicopathological features of patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) with regard to PGRN expression.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on patients with GISTs who underwent curative surgical resection between 2007 and 2017.

Total length of positive resection margins can predict remnant gastric cancer following endoscopic submucosal dissection.

Background: Prediction of remnant tumor is important in determining subsequent treatment options for gastric cancer patients with positive resection margin (RM) after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD).

Methods: Based on the assumption that pathologic factors, including the length and type of involved RM, could potentially predict residual tumor, we evaluated 451 ESD specimens in patients with early gastric cancer.

Results: Of 408 cases, 37 (9.

Standardized Pathology Report for Colorectal Cancer, 2nd Edition.

The first edition of the 'Standardized Pathology Report for Colorectal Cancer,' which was developed by the Gastrointestinal Pathology Study Group (GIP) of the Korean Society of Pathologists, was published 13 years ago. Meanwhile, there have been many changes in the pathologic diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC), pathologic findings included in the pathology report, and immunohistochemical and molecular pathology required for the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer. In order to reflect these changes, we (GIP) decided to make the second edition of the report.

BioPATH: A Biomarker Study in Asian Patients with HER2+ Advanced Breast Cancer Treated with Lapatinib and Other Anti-HER2 Therapy.

Purpose: BioPATH is a non-interventional study evaluating the relationship of molecular biomarkers (PTEN deletion/downregulation, PIK3CA mutation, truncated HER2 receptor [p95HER2], and tumor HER2 mRNA levels) to treatment responses in Asian patients with HER2+ advanced breast cancer treated with lapatinib and other HER2-targeted agents.

Materials And Methods: Female Asian HER2+ breast cancer patients (n=154) who were candidates for lapatinib-based treatment following metastasis and having an available primary tumor biopsy specimen were included. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS).

Prognostic Value of Progranulin in Patients with Colorectal Cancer Treated with Curative Resection.

Progranulin (PGRN) has been characterized as an autocrine growth and survival factor and is known to stimulate tumorigenesis and proliferation of several types of cancer cell. However, little is known about the prognostic role of PGRN in colorectal cancer (CRC). A retrospective analysis was performed for patients with colorectal cancer who underwent curative resection between May 2013 and June 2015.

Ultrasonic versus monopolar energy-based surgical devices in terms of surgical smoke and lateral thermal damage (ULMOST): a randomized controlled trial.

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the degree of surgical smoke or vapor and lateral thermal damage caused by two different energy-based surgical devices (ESDs) used in colpotomy during total laparoscopic hysterectomy.

Methods: Patients undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomy were randomly assigned to an ultrasonic ESD group (n = 20) or monopolar ESD group (n = 20). Colpotomy was performed using the assigned ESD.

The prognostic significance of protein arginine methyltransferase 6 expression in colon cancer.

Protein arginine methylation is involved in cellular differentiation and proliferation. Recently, aberrant expression of protein arginine methyltransferases, which are responsible for the methylation reaction, has been reported in various types of cancer. However, there is no clear evidence regarding the prognostic value of abnormal PRMT6 expression in colorectal cancer or the effect of PRMT6 regulation on CRC cells.

Predictive and prognostic value of sphingosine kinase 1 expression in patients with invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast.

Sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1) has been found to be upregulated in many different types of human malignancy and plays a crucial role in cancer development and progression. However, the potential of SPHK1 to act as a predictive and prognostic biomarker in breast cancer remains to be clarified. In the present study, SPHK1 expression was evaluated in breast cancer cell lines and 224 breast cancer tissue samples using immunohistochemical staining.

Diagnostic performance and useful findings of ultrasound re-evaluation for patients with equivocal CT features of acute appendicitis.

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of ultrasound and to determine which ultrasound findings are useful to differentiate appendicitis from non-appendicitis in patients who underwent ultrasound re-evaluation owing to equivocal CT features of acute appendicitis.

Methods: 62 patients who underwent CT examinations for suspected appendicitis followed by ultrasound re-evaluation owing to equivocal CT findings were included. Equivocal CT findings were considered based on the presence of only one or two findings among the CT criteria, and ultrasound re-evaluation was done based on a predefined structured report form.

Predictive Value of Sphingosine Kinase 1 Expression in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma.

Background/aim: Sphingolipid metabolites are emerging as key signaling molecules in cancer. Sphingosine kinase 1 is up-regulated in many different types of human malignancies and plays a crucial role in cancer development and progression. The utility of sphingosine kinase 1 to act as a predictive biomarker in thyroid cancer remains unclear.

NanoString nCounter® Approach in Breast Cancer: A Comparative Analysis with Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Hybridization, and Immunohistochemistry.

Purpose: Accurate testing for estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is essential for breast cancer treatment. At present, immunohistochemistry (IHC)/florescence hybridization (FISH) are widely accepted as the standard testing methods. To investigate the value of NanoString nCounter®, we performed its comparative analysis with IHC/FISH and real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) for the assessment of ER, PR, and HER2.

Negative prognostic effect of low nuclear GLI1 expression in glioblastomas.

The hedgehog signaling plays supportive roles in various aspects of tumorigenesis. Increased expression of the key component, GLI1, has been shown to correlate with poor prognosis in many types of cancers. We aimed to investigate the effect of GLI1 expression in glioblastoma focusing on the nuclear localization.

Expression Pattern of Smad4/GATA3 as a Predictor of Survival in Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast.

Background: Smad4 and GATA3 proteins are known prognostic markers in various cancers. Smad4 is a mediator linked to both tumour suppression and progression. GATA3 is a regulator of development and morphogenesis of the mammary gland.

Dynamin 2 Inhibitors as Novel Therapeutic Agents Against Cervical Cancer Cells.

Aim: We investigated the feasibility of dynamin 2 as a potential treatment target in cervical cancer cells.

Materials And Methods: We performed tissue microarray for dynamin 2 expression in 208 patients with early cervical cancer and in vitro in HeLa cells with dynamin 2 inhibitors MiTMAB, OcTMAB, Dynasore, and DD-6.

Results: Tumor size greater than 2 cm or tumor invasion of more than half of the entire cervix was associated with expression of dynamin 2 compared to no expression (p=0.