Kinetic Profile of Inflammation Markers in Human Skin In vivo Following Exposure to Ultraviolet B Indicates Synchronic Release of Cytokines and Prostanoids.

Ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation affects epidermal cells, which respond via a cascade of inflammation markers. After initial in vitro and ex vivo experiments, this study used cutaneous microdialysis to generate a kinetic profile for 16 cytokines and 4 prostanoids in human skin in vivo. Skin areas 9 cm2 were irradiated with UVB (2× minimal erythematous dose) 16 h after catheter placement in the dermis of the volar forearms of healthy volunteers.

Effects of Topical Tacrolimus and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on In Vivo Release of Eicosanoids in Atopic Dermatitis During Dermal Microdialysis.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a multifactorial inflammatory skin disease with release of distinct inflammatory signals. This study investigated the presence of eicosanoids in AD skin and the effect of topical agents with potential to suppress inflammation. Twelve patients with moderate AD received topical treatment on either arm with tacrolimus 0.

Biomarkers of oxidative stress study V: ozone exposure of rats and its effect on lipids, proteins, and DNA in plasma and urine.

Ozone exposure effect on free radical-catalyzed oxidation products of lipids, proteins, and DNA in the plasma and urine of rats was studied as a continuation of the international Biomarker of Oxidative Stress Study (BOSS) sponsored by NIEHS/NIH. The goal was to identify a biomarker for ozone-induced oxidative stress and to assess whether inconsistent results often reported in the literature might be due to the limitations of the available methods for measuring the various types of oxidative products. The time- and dose-dependent effects of ozone exposure on rat plasma lipid hydroperoxides, malondialdehyde, F2-isoprostanes, protein carbonyls, methionine oxidation, and tyrosine- and phenylalanine oxidation products, as well as urinary malondialdehyde and F2-isoprostanes were investigated with various techniques.

Composition of molecular cardiolipin species correlates with proliferation of lymphocytes.

The mitochondrial phospholipid cardiolipin (CL) is required for oxidative phosphorylation. Oxidation of CL results in the disruption of CL-cytochrome c binding and the induction of apoptosis. Large variations in the acyl-chain residues of CL have been reported, but evidence as to whether these variants exert distinct biological effects has been limited.

A new preservation solution for lung transplantation: evaluation in a porcine transplantation model.

Background: Lung preservation injury is still a major problem in lung transplantation. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effects of a new preservation solution (Custodiol-N) for lung preservation.

Methods: Using an in vivo pig model, 7 lungs each were preserved for 24 hours after perfusion with: low-potassium dextran (LPD) solution as control (Group I); base solution of Custodiol-N without iron chelators (Group II); Custodiol-N (Group III); or Custodiol-N supplemented with dextran 40 (Group IV).

Nrf2-dependent gene expression is affected by the proatherogenic apoE4 genotype-studies in targeted gene replacement mice.

An apoE4 genotype is an important risk factor for cardiovascular and other chronic diseases. The higher cardiovascular disease risk of apoE4 carriers as compared to the apoE3 genotype has been mainly attributed to the differences in blood lipids between the two genotype subgroups. Recently, a potential protective role of the transcription factor Nrf2 in cardiovascular disease prevention has been suggested.

An inter-laboratory validation of methods of lipid peroxidation measurement in UVA-treated human plasma samples.

Lipid peroxidation products like malondialdehyde, 4-hydroxynonenal and F(2)-isoprostanes are widely used as markers of oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo. This study reports the results of a multi-laboratory validation study by COST Action B35 to assess inter-laboratory and intra-laboratory variation in the measurement of lipid peroxidation. Human plasma samples were exposed to UVA irradiation at different doses (0, 15 J, 20 J), encoded and shipped to 15 laboratories, where analyses of malondialdehyde, 4-hydroxynonenal and isoprostanes were conducted.

Advances in methods for the determination of biologically relevant lipid peroxidation products.

Lipid peroxidation is recognized to be an important contributor to many chronic diseases, especially those of an inflammatory pathology. In addition to their value as markers of oxidative damage, lipid peroxidation products have also been shown to have a wide variety of biological and cell signalling effects. In view of this, accurate and sensitive methods for the measurement of lipid peroxidation products are essential.

Pathological aspects of lipid peroxidation.

Lipid peroxidation (LPO) product accumulation in human tissues is a major cause of tissular and cellular dysfunction that plays a major role in ageing and most age-related and oxidative stress-related diseases. The current evidence for the implication of LPO in pathological processes is discussed in this review. New data and literature review are provided evaluating the role of LPO in the pathophysiology of ageing and classically oxidative stress-linked diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes and atherosclerosis (the main cause of cardiovascular complications).

Palmitate protects hepatocytes from oxidative stress and triacylglyceride accumulation by stimulation of nitric oxide synthesis in the presence of high glucose and insulin concentration.

Excessive flux of free fatty acids (FFA) into the liver contributes to liver impairment in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). It remains unclear how FFA contribute to impairment of hepatocytes. This study treated hepatocytes with linoleic acid and palmitate to investigate the early event triggering FFA-mediated impairment.

Prolonged cold storage using a new histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate-based preservation solution in isogeneic cardiac mouse grafts.

Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate a new histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate (HTK)-based cold preservation solution in comparison with traditional HTK solution in a mouse cardiac transplant model and to assess the impact of chloride ions and of iron chelators.

Methods And Results: After 24 h cold ischaemia, traditional HTK-preserved hearts survived up to 13 days (4.4 ± 1.

Impact of apolipoprotein E genotype and dietary quercetin on paraoxonase 1 status in apoE3 and apoE4 transgenic mice.

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to determine hepatic paraoxonase 1 (PON1) status in response to apoE genotype and dietary quercetin supplementation in mice.

Methods And Results: ApoE3 and apoE4 transgenic mice were fed semi-synthetic diets without (controls) and with quercetin (2 mg/g diet) for 6 weeks. Hepatic mRNA and protein levels of PON1 were significantly lower in apoE4 as compared to apoE3 mice.

Degradation of phospholipids by oxidative stress--exceptional significance of cardiolipin.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of oxidative stress on mitochondrial phospholipids. In this context, this study investigated (i) the content of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylcholine (PC) and cardiolipin (CL), (ii) the correlation of CL degradation with mitochondrial function and (iii) the correlation of CL degradation and CL oxidation. Oxidative stress induced by iron/ascorbate caused a dramatic decrease of these phospholipids, in which CL was the most sensitive phospholipid.

Inverse correlation of protein oxidation and proteasome activity in liver and lung.

Several studies have demonstrated that proteasome activity decreases whereas protein oxidation increases with aging in various tissues. However, no studies are available correlating both parameters directly comparing different tissues of one organism. Therefore, we determined whether there is an age-related change in proteasome activity and protein oxidation in heart, lung, liver, kidney and skeletal muscle samples of 6-, 10-, 18- and 26-month-old rats.

F(2)-isoprostanes: sensitive biomarkers of oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo: a gas chromatography-mass spectrometric approach.

A gas chromatography-mass spectrometric method was developed that allowed the accurate, highly sensitive and specific quantification of F(2)-isoprostanes (F(2)-IsoPs) in different tissues and body fluids. Measurement of F(2)-IsoPs in isolated rat brain mitochondria, HaCaT keratinocytes, human plasma, and microdialysates of human skin has established the occurrence of oxidative stress in a variety of model systems and disease states. F(2)-IsoPs correlated with other markers of lipid peroxidation (e.

Beta-carotene degradation products - formation, toxicity and prevention of toxicity.

Carotenoids are widely used as important micronutrients in food. Furthermore, carotenoid supplementation has been used in the treatment of diseases associated with oxidative stress such as various types of cancer, inflammatory diseases or cystic fibrosis. However, in some clinical studies harmful effects have been observed, e.

Acute atrial tachyarrhythmia induces angiotensin II type 1 receptor-mediated oxidative stress and microvascular flow abnormalities in the ventricles.

Aims: Patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) often present with typical angina pectoris and mildly elevated levels of cardiac troponin (non ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction) during an arrhythmic event. However, in a large proportion of these patients, significant coronary artery disease is excluded by coronary angiography. Here we explored the potential underlying mechanism of these events.

Dietary vitamin E, brain redox status and expression of Alzheimer's disease-relevant genes in rats.

Oxidative stress is one of the major pathological features of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we investigated whether dietary vitamin E (VE) depletion may induce adverse effects and supplementation with alpha-tocopherol (alphaT) may result in beneficial effects on redox status and the regulation of genes relevant in the pathogenesis of AD in healthy rats. Three groups of eight male rats each were fed diets with deficient ( < 1 mg alphaT equivalents/kg diet), marginal (9 mg alphaT equivalents/kg diet) or sufficient (18 mg alphaT equivalents/kg diet) concentrations of natural-source VE for 6 months; a fourth group was fed the VE-sufficient diet fortified with alphaT (total VE, 146 mg alphaT equivalents/kg diet).

Serum Concentrations of F2-Isoprostanes and 4-Hydroxynonenal in Hemodialysis Patients in Relation to Inflammation and Renal Anemia.

BACKGROUND: Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing hemodialysis (HD) are apparently exposed to enhanced oxidative stress and to inflammation. It was the aim of this study to characterize the state of systemic oxidative stress of ESRD patients before and following HD using highly specific biomarkers, F(2)-isoprostanes and 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE). Furthermore the question should be answered, if there are associations between inflammation and systemic oxidative stress and/or between systemic oxidative stress and renal anemia, which is more or less typical for HD patients.

UVB irradiation-induced impairment of keratinocytes and adaptive responses to oxidative stress.

UVB irradiation of human skin is known to induce pathophysiological processes as oxidative stress and inflammation. HaCaT keratinocytes represent a well-established in vitro model system to investigate the influence of UVB irradiation on cell cultures. It was the aim of these investigations to study the effects of moderate UVB doses on cellular and mitochondrial integrity of HaCaT keratinocytes, biomarkers of oxidative stress and antioxidant protection by superoxide dismutases.

Cytotoxicity of myeloperoxidase/nitrite-oxidized low-density lipoprotein toward endothelial cells is due to a high 7beta-hydroxycholesterol to 7-ketocholesterol ratio.

Oxygenated cholesterols (oxysterols) formed during oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) are associated with endothelial dysfunction and atherogenesis. We compared the profile of oxysterols in modified human LDL obtained on reaction with myeloperoxidase/H2O2 plus nitrite (MPO/H2O2/nitrite-oxLDL) with that on Cu2+ -catalyzed oxidation. The 7beta-hydroxycholesterol/7-ketocholesterol ratio was markedly higher in MPO/H2O2/nitrite-oxLDL than in Cu2+ -oxidized LDL (7.

Inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV and aminopeptidase N target major pathogenetic steps in acne initiation.

Acne is a chronic disease hallmarked by sebaceous hyperplasia, follicular hyperkeratosis, and inflammation. Parallel targeting of these factors is required to treat acne effectively. Inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP IV) and aminopeptidase N (APN) show strong anti-inflammatory effects on immune cells and therapeutic efficacy in autoimmune disorders.

Consumption of redox energy by glutathione metabolism contributes to hypoxia/ reoxygenation-induced injury in astrocytes.

The role of glutathione during ischemia/reperfusion is still a controversial issue. Glutathione should exert beneficial effects in the situation of ischemia/reperfusion due to its antioxidative potency. However, increasing survival time after transient ischemia and hypoxia has been reported for glutathione depleted cells.