Eyes on the Text: Assessing Readability of AI & Ophthalmologist Responses to Patient Surgery Queries.

Introduction: Generative artificial intelligence (AI) technologies like GPT-4 can instantaneously provide health information to patients; however, the readability of these outputs compared to ophthalmologist-written responses is unknown. This study aims to evaluate the readability of GPT-4-generated and ophthalmologist-written responses to patient queries about ophthalmic surgery.

Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study used 200 randomly selected patient questions about ophthalmic surgery extracted from the American Academy of Ophthalmology's EyeSmart platform.

Adaptive optics cone arrangement in hydroxychloroquine users without signs of retinal toxicity based on current screening guidelines: a case-control study.

Purpose: To describe early cone changes detected by adaptive optics (AO) in patients on chronic hydroxychloroquine (HC) treatment with no abnormalities on standard functional or structural retinal tests.

Methods: Case-control study including 36 eyes of 36 female patients. Cases included 18 women on HC for autoimmune disease whose cumulative dose exceeded 1600 g and who demonstrated no evidence of retinal toxicity on visual field (VF), spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), or multifocal electroretinography (mfERG).

Artificial intelligence for diagnosing exudative age-related macular degeneration.

Background: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a retinal disorder characterized by central retinal (macular) damage. Approximately 10% to 20% of non-exudative AMD cases progress to the exudative form, which may result in rapid deterioration of central vision. Individuals with exudative AMD (eAMD) need prompt consultation with retinal specialists to minimize the risk and extent of vision loss.

Virtual Supervision in Graduate Medical Education: A Systematic Review.

Despite the increased use of telemedicine, the evidence base on virtual supervision in graduate medical education (GME) is not well described. To systematically review the impact of virtual supervision on trainee education, patient care, and patient satisfaction in Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)-accredited specialties. Two databases (PubMed, EMBASE) were searched from database inception to December 2022.

The Spectrum of Isolated Retinal Artery Occlusion Secondary to Giant Cell Arteritis.

We systematically reviewed the literature to investigate the clinical features of isolated arteritic retinal artery occlusion (A-RAO) associated with giant cell arteritis (GCA). The four primary types of A-RAO were central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO), hemi-central retinal artery occlusion (hCRAO), branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO), and cilioretinal artery occlusion (CLRAO). The most reported presentation was unilateral CRAO, followed by bilateral CRAO, unilateral CLRAO, and bilateral BRAO.

Evidence-Based Practices for Interviewing Graduate Medical Education Applicants: A Systematic Review.

Although the selection interview is a standard admission practice for graduate medical education (GME) programs in the United States, there is a dearth of recent reviews on optimizing the trainee interview process, which has low reliability, high cost, and major risk of bias. To investigate the evidence base for different selection interview practices in GME. We searched 4 literature databases from inception through September 2022.

Association of Retinal Thickness at Month 1 Postrandomization With Later Thickness and Visual Acuity in Central Vein Occlusion.

Purpose: To investigate the association of retinal thickness 1 month after the first study aflibercept or bevacizumab injection with later retinal thickness, visual acuity, and number of treatments in eyes enrolled in the Study of COmparative Treatments for REtinal Vein Occlusion 2.

Design: Cohort study using data from a randomized clinical trial.

Methods: Analysis included one eye from each of 350 participants through 2 years of follow-up.

Ethical and Professional Decision-Making Capabilities of Artificial Intelligence Chatbots: Evaluating ChatGPT's Professional Competencies in Medicine.

Purpose: We examined the performance of artificial intelligence chatbots on the PREview Practice Exam, an online situational judgment test for professionalism and ethics.

Methods: We used validated methodologies to calculate scores and descriptive statistics, tests, and Fisher's exact tests to compare scores by model and competency.

Results: GPT-3.

Gender Diversity and Research Productivity of Journal Editorial and Professional Society Board Members in Medical Education.

Purpose: To describe gender diversity and research productivity among medical education boards.

Methods: We examined gender, training status, and research productivity of board members of Journal Citation Reports-listed medical education journals and affiliated professional societies. We determined gender using gendered pronouns and-if unavailable-software.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Self-reported Vision Impairment among Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders in the United States.

Racial disparities in vision impairment have been reported among Black, Hispanic, and White Americans. However, there is a paucity of research on vision impairment among Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders (NHPIs). The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of, and risk factors for, self-reported visual impairment in NHPI adults in the United States (US).

Month 60 Imaging Findings and Relationship to Treatment Outcomes Following Anti-VEGF Therapy for Macular Edema Due to Central or Hemi-Retinal Vein Occlusion.

Purpose: To evaluate imaging findings from SCORE2 participants through 60 months, to describe the degree of resolution or progression of these variables, and to correlate changes in these imaging findings to treatment outcomes such as visual acuity and the number of treatments administered.

Methods: SCORE2 participants were followed for up to 60 months. Visual acuity, injection frequency and imaging tests color fundus photography (CFP), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and ultra-widefield fluorescein angiography [UWFA]) were performed throughout this period.

Treatments for Acute Nonarteritic Central Retinal Artery Occlusion: Findings From a Cochrane Systematic Review.

Many interventions for nonarteritic central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) are associated with serious complications and little effect on visual outcomes. We report on the findings of a Cochrane systematic review that searched seven databases for peer-reviewed articles reporting on treatments for acute nonarteritic CRAO. We assessed six randomized controlled trials, including interventions such as tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), isovolumic hemodilution, eyeball massage, intraocular pressure reduction, anticoagulation, vasodilation, oxygen inhalation, laser embolysis, transcorneal electrical stimulation, thrombolysis, pentoxifylline, and enhanced external counterpulsation.

OCT Grading System of Macular Infarction Predicts Vision in Participants With Central Retinal or Hemiretinal Vein Occlusion: A Secondary Analysis of SCORE2.

Purpose: To determine whether macular infarction measured as hyper-reflectivity of the middle and inner retinal layers predicts long-term visual acuity outcomes in participants with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) or hemi-retinal vein occlusion (HRVO).

Design: Clinical cohort study using post hoc secondary analysis of phase 3 clinical trial data.

Methods: This post hoc secondary analysis of the phase 3 Study of COmparative Treatments for REtinal Vein Occlusions 2 (SCORE2) clinical trial included 310 of the 362 participants with macular edema secondary to CRVO/HRVO who were randomized to injections of aflibercept or bevacizumab.

Intravitreal acetazolamide implant for pseudophakic cystoid macular edema.

Background: Pseudophakic cystoid macular edema (PCME) is the most common cause of visual acuity deterioration after uncomplicated cataract surgery. There is no consensus regarding how to manage recurrent or refractory cases.

Report: A 54-year-old woman complained of decreased vision and central metamorphopsia in the right eye (OD) 3 months after uneventful cataract surgery.

High Variation in Inner Retinal Reflectivity Predicts Poor Visual Outcome in Patients With Central Retinal Vein Occlusion: SCORE2 Report 21.

Purpose: To assess the association of a novel spectral domain optical coherence tomography biomarker with 6-month visual acuity in in the Study of COmparative Treatments for REtinal Vein Occlusion 2.

Methods: Spectral domain optical coherence tomography volume scans were evaluated for inner retinal hyperreflectivity, quantified by optical intensity ratio (OIR) and OIR variation. Baseline visual acuity letter score (VALS), baseline OCT biomarkers, and month 1 OIR were correlated with VALS at month 6.

Gender and Research Productivity of Vitreoretinal Surgery Fellowship Program Directors.

Background And Objective: Characteristics of vitreoretinal surgery fellowship program directors (PDs) in North America are not well described. This study reports on the gender and research productivity of vitreoretinal surgery PDs in the United States and Canada.

Materials And Methods: We reviewed demographics, total number of Scopus-indexed publications, h-index, and m-quotient for vitreoretinal surgery fellowship PDs in 2022.

SCORE2 Report 24: Nonlinear Relationship of Retinal Thickness and Visual Acuity in Central Retinal and Hemiretinal Vein Occlusion.

Purpose: To investigate whether a nonlinear association between central subfield thickness (CST) on spectral-domain OCT and concurrent visual acuity letter score (VALS) exists in eyes treated initially with aflibercept or bevacizumab for macular edema associated with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) or hemiretinal vein occlusion (HRVO) in the Study of Comparative Treatments for Retinal Vein Occlusion 2 (SCORE2).

Design: Long-term follow-up after a randomized clinical trial from 64 centers in the United States.

Participants: Participants were followed up to 60 months and treated at investigator discretion after completing the 12-month treatment protocol.

Cost-Utility Comparison of Bevacizumab and Aflibercept in the Treatment of Central or Hemiretinal Vein Occlusion in the SCORE2 Trial.

Importance: Retinal vein occlusion is the second most common retinal vascular disease. Bevacizumab was demonstrated in the Study of Comparative Treatments for Retinal Vein Occlusion 2 (SCORE2) to be noninferior to aflibercept with respect to visual acuity in study participants with macular edema due to central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) or hemiretinal vein occlusion (HRVO) following 6 months of therapy. In this study, the cost-utility of bevacizumab vs aflibercept for treatment of CRVO is evaluated.

Intravitreal bevacizumab plus propranolol for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (the BEVALOL study): a phase I clinical trial.

Background: Given the persistently large public health impact of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nARMD) despite many years of anti-VEGF therapy as the first-line treatment and the demonstrated ability of b-blockers to reduce neovascularization, a synergistic effect between an anti-VEGF agent and an intravitreal beta-blocker is important to investigate in the quest for therapeutic alternatives that maximize efficacy and/or reduce costs. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the safety of a 0.1 ml intravitreal injection of a combination of bevacizumab (1.