Selection of vaccine-candidate peptides from subsp. by prediction, T-cell line proliferation, and immunogenicity.

subspecies (MAP) is a global concern in modern livestock production worldwide. The available vaccines against paratuberculosis do not offer optimal protection and interfere with the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis. The aim of this study was to identify immunogenic MAP-specific peptides that do not interfere with the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis.

Assessment of mental health trajectories before and after myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation or stroke: analysis of a cohort study in Tromsø, Norway (Tromsø Study, 1994-2016).

Objectives: The increased survival rate of cardiovascular disease (CVD) implies a higher proportion of individuals who live with CVD. Using data from the Tromsø Study, we aimed to investigate mental health symptom trajectories before and after myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation or stroke in a general population and to explore factors that contribute to the association.

Design: Cohort study.

[Prevalence of gestational diabetes and pregnancy outcomes in Nordland and Troms counties 2004–15].

Background: The aim was to investigate the prevalence of gestational diabetes and pregnancy outcomes in women with gestational diabetes in Nordland and Troms counties.

Material And Method: We included all 1 067 women with type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes among 34 915 births at four hospitals in Nordland and Troms counties from 2004 to 2015. Prevalence of diabetes was calculated based on ICD-10 codes in patient records for women with diabetes in Nordland and Troms counties, and compared with national prevalence figures from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway.

(68)Ga-DOTATOC PET and gene expression profile in patients with neuroendocrine carcinomas: strong correlation between PET tracer uptake and gene expression of somatostatin receptor subtype 2.

Somatostatin receptor expression on both protein and gene expression level was compared with in vivo (68)Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT in patients with neuroendocrine carcinomas (NEC). Twenty-one patients with verified NEC who underwent a (68)Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT between November 2012 and May 2014, were retrospectively included. By real-time polymerase chain reaction, we quantitatively determined the gene expression of several genes and compared with (68)Ga-DOTATOC PET uptake.

Neuroendocrine Carcinomas of the Gastroenteropancreatic System: A Comprehensive Review.

To date, empirical literature has generally been considered lacking in relation to neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs), the highly malignant subgroup of neuroendocrine neoplasms. NECs are often found in the lungs or the gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) system and can be of small or large cell type. Concentrating on GEP-NECs, we can conclude that survival times are poor, with a median of only 4-16 months depending on disease stage and primary site.

Quantitative Proteomics of Gut-Derived Th1 and Th1/Th17 Clones Reveal the Presence of CD28+ NKG2D- Th1 Cytotoxic CD4+ T cells.

T-helper cells are differentiated from CD4+ T cells and are traditionally characterized by inflammatory or immunosuppressive responses in contrast to cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. Mass-spectrometry studies on T-helper cells are rare. In this study, we aimed to identify the proteomes of human Th1 and Th1/Th17 clones derived from intestinal biopsies of Crohn's disease patients and to identify differentially expressed proteins between the two phenotypes.

Gastrointestinal Surgery of Neuroendocrine Neoplasms.

Surgery is the only treatment that may cure the patient with gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) and should always be considered as the first-line treatment if radical resection can be achieved. Even in cases where radical surgery is not possible, palliative resection may be performed to reduce local or hormone-induced symptoms and to improve quality of life. The surgical procedures for GEP-NENs are accordingly described below.

Diffusion blotting: a rapid and simple method for production of multiple blots from a single gel.

A very simple and fast method for diffusion blotting of proteins from precast SDS-PAGE gels on a solid plastic support was developed. Diffusion blotting for 3 min gives a quantitative transfer of 10 % compared to 1-h electroblotting. For each subsequent blot from the same gel a doubling of transfer time is necessary to obtain the same amount of protein onto each blot.

Goblet cell carcinoids: characteristics of a Danish cohort of 83 patients.

Background: Appendiceal goblet cell carcinoids (GCCs) exhibit neuroendocrine and adenocarcinoma features.

Patients And Methods: Analysis of demography, pathology, prognostic markers, treatment and survival in 83 GCC patients (f/m: 56/27) diagnosed 1992-2013.

Results: Median age for f/m was 59/58 years, respectively, and similar for localized and disseminated disease.

Exploring Work-Related Causal Attributions of Common Mental Disorders.

Purpose: Common mental disorders (CMDs) are major causes of sickness absence and disability. Prevention requires knowledge of how individuals perceive causal mechanisms, and in this study we sought to examine work-related factors as causal attribution of CMDs.

Methods: A trial sample of n = 1,193, recruited because they struggled with work participation due to CMDs, answered an open-ended questionnaire item about what they believed were the most important causes of their CMDs.

Topotecan monotherapy in heavily pretreated patients with progressive advanced stage neuroendocrine carcinomas.

Background: Neuroendocrine carcinomas (WHO grade 3) are highly aggressive tumors with an immense tendency to metastasize and with a poor prognosis. In advanced disease, there is no standard treatment beyond first-line platin/etoposide-based chemotherapy. Topotecan is widely used as second-line treatment in small cell lung cancer, which also responds markedly on first-line platin/etoposide.

Novel insights into transmission routes of Mycobacterium avium in pigs and possible implications for human health.

Mycobacterium avium infection is a severe condition in humans, whereas pigs are often subclinically infected. Pig carcasses represent a possible source of human infection. Faecal excretion of M.

Intracellular growth of Mycobacterium avium subspecies and global transcriptional responses in human macrophages after infection.

Background: Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium (Maa) and M. avium subsp.

Increased frequency of intestinal CD4+ T cells reactive with mycobacteria in patients with Crohn's disease.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of mycobacteria and Escherichia coli reactive T cells in intestinal biopsies from patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC).

Materials And Methods: The biopsies were obtained by colonoscopy from adult patients with active CD (n = 5) and active UC (n = 4). The number of CD4+ T cell clones expanded and screened from each patient varied from 383 to 3972 giving a total of 16639 individual clones.

Pitfalls in determining the cytokine profile of human T cells.

Secretion of cytokines by T cells in vitro can be influenced by the methods chosen for T cell activation. However, the awareness of this fact appears insufficient. Two of the most widely applied methods for activation of T cells are phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) together with Ionomycin or anti-CD3/anti-CD28 stimulation.

Temozolomide as second or third line treatment of patients with neuroendocrine carcinomas.

Background: Knowledge of the clinical efficacy in recurrent neuroendocrine carcinomas is sparse. Treatment with temozolomide alone or in combination with capecitabine and bevacizumab has recently shown promising results.

Patients And Methods: Analysis of consecutive patients with neuroendocrine carcinomas (Ki-67 proliferation index >20%) and performance status 0-2 treated with temozolomide 200 mg/sqm orally days 1-5 every 28 days after at least one previous platin-containing chemotherapy regimen.

A comparative study of Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium and Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis in experimentally infected pigs.

Background: Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium (Maa) and Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis (Mah) are opportunistic pathogens that may infect several species, including humans and pigs.

First-line treatment of patients with disseminated poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas with carboplatin, etoposide, and vincristine: a single institution experience.

Unlabelled: Poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (PDECs) represent highly malignant tumors with an immense tendency to metastasize and with a poor prognosis. The treatment consists of palliative chemotherapy and corresponds to the treatment of extensive stage small cell lung cancer.

Material And Methods: We present the patient characteristics and treatment results of 31 consecutive, chemonaïve patients with PDECs treated with carboplatin, etoposide, and vincristine.

Faecal shedding detected earlier than immune responses in goats naturally infected with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis.

Paratuberculosis was diagnosed in a goat herd that participated in a sanitation program against Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. The aim of this study was to characterise the development of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and antibody responses as well as the occurrence of faecal shedding.

Biofilm formation by Mycobacterium avium isolates originating from humans, swine and birds.

Background: Mycobacterium avium includes the subspecies avium, silvaticum, paratuberculosis and hominissuis, and M. avium subspecies has been isolated from various environments all over the world including from biofilms in water distribution systems. The aim of this study was to examine isolates of M.

Characterization of the major formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase homolog in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its linkage to variable tandem repeats.

The ability to repair DNA damage is likely to play an important role in the survival of facultative intracellular parasites because they are exposed to high levels of reactive oxygen species and nitrogen intermediates inside phagocytes. Correcting oxidative damage in purines and pyrimidines is the primary function of the enzymes formamidopyrimidine (faPy)-DNA glycosylase (Fpg) and endonuclease VIII (Nei) of the base excision repair pathway, respectively. Four gene homologs, belonging to the fpg/nei family, have been identified in Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv.

Isolation of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis reactive CD4 T cells from intestinal biopsies of Crohn's disease patients.

Background: Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic granulomatous inflammation of the intestine. The etiology is unknown, but an excessive immune response to bacteria in genetically susceptible individuals is probably involved. The response is characterized by a strong Th1/Th17 response, but the relative importance of the various bacteria is not known.