Enhancing Analytical Potential for Ultratrace Analysis of Inorganic Oxyanions Using Extraction Procedures with Layered Double Hydroxides.

This article provides an overview of the use of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) as effective sorbents in various extraction methods, including column-based solid-phase extraction (SPE), dispersive solid-phase extraction (DSPE), and magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE), for the separation and preconcentration of inorganic oxyanions of chromium, arsenic, and selenium. The primary focus is on enhancing the analytical performance of spectrometric detection techniques, particularly in terms of sensitivity and selectivity when analyzing low concentrations of target analytes in complex matrices. LDHs, which can be readily prepared and structurally modified with various substances, offer promising potential for the development of novel analytical methods.

Analytical Application of Layered Double Hydroxides as High-Capacity Sorbents in Dispersive Solid Phase Extraction for the Separation and Preconcentration of (Ultra)Trace Heavy Metals.

Separation/preconcentration procedures are of great importance in the elemental analysis. In this context, layered double hydroxides (LDH) have emerged as promising sorbents in dispersive solid phase extraction (DSPE) procedures. By optimizing the DSPE procedure, lower limits of detection (LOD) can be achieved, making less sensitive detection methods viable for accurate quantification of the (ultra)trace analytes.

Innovative approaches in cloud-point extraction.

Cloud-point extraction (CPE) is a pre-treatment technique for the extraction and preconcentration of different chemical compounds, such as metal ions, pesticides, drugs, phenols, vitamins etc., from various samples. CPE is based on the phenomenon of two phases (micellar and aqueous) forming after the heating of an aqueous isotropic solution of a non-ionic or zwitterionic surfactant above the cloud-point temperature.

Preconcentration and Separation of Gold Nanoparticles from Environmental Waters Using Extraction Techniques Followed by Spectrometric Quantification.

The quantification of gold nanoparticles (AuNP) in environmental samples at ultratrace concentrations can be accurately performed by sophisticated and pricey analytical methods. This paper aims to challenge the analytical potential and advantages of cheaper and equally reliable alternatives that couple the well-established extraction procedures with common spectrometric methods. We discuss several combinations of techniques that are suitable for separation/preconcentration and quantification of AuNP in complex and challenging aqueous matrices, such as tap, river, lake, brook, mineral, and sea waters, as well as wastewaters.

Reliable Quantification of Ultratrace Selenium in Food, Beverages, and Water Samples by Cloud Point Extraction and Spectrometric Analysis.

Selenium is a trace element essential for the proper functioning of human body. Since it can only be obtained through our diet, knowing its concentrations in different food products is of particular importance. The measurement of selenium content in complex food matrices has traditionally been a challenge due to the very low concentrations involved.

A simple dilute-and-shoot procedure for the determination of platinum in human pleural effusions using HR-CS GF-AAS.

Background: High-resolution continuum source AAS is an emerging technique for the determination of trace elements in clinical analysis. We aimed to develop a method for the direct determination of platinum (Pt) in pleural effusions that could deepen the understanding of the dynamics of intrapleural Pt concentration during cytostatic therapy.

Materials And Methods: Samples were collected by thoracic drainage from five patients with lung cancer undergoing platinum based chemotherapy.

Application of Metallic Nanoparticles and Their Hybrids as Innovative Sorbents for Separation and Pre-concentration of Trace Elements by Dispersive Micro-Solid Phase Extraction: A Minireview.

It is indisputable that separation techniques have found their rightful place in current analytical chemistry, considering the growing complexity of analyzed samples and (ultra)trace concentration levels of many studied analytes. Among separation techniques, extraction is one of the most popular ones due to its efficiency, simplicity, low cost and short processing times. Nonetheless, research interests are directed toward the enhancement of performance of these procedures in terms of selectivity.

Magnetic Solid Phase Extraction as a Promising Technique for Fast Separation of Metallic Nanoparticles and Their Ionic Species: A Review of Recent Advances.

The widespread use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in a wide variety of industrial as well as medical sectors is indisputable. This leads to a new concern about their presence in various environmental compartments. Since their negative effect and potential toxicity impact have been confirmed, analytical chemists focus on the development of different procedures for their reliable detection, identification, characterization, and quantification, not only in homogenous and simple matrices but also in complex environmental matrices.

Optimization of determination of platinum group elements in airborne particulate matter by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.

Determination of automotive traffic-emitted platinum group metals (PGM) by inductively coupled plasma quadrupole mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was optimized. The interferences from Sr, Cu, Pb, Y, Cd, Zr and Hf were evaluated using model solutions. Plasma radiofrequency (RF) power and nebulizer gas flow were optimized for 103Rh, 105Pd, 108Pd and 195Pt.

Analytical application of nano-sized titanium dioxide for the determination of trace inorganic antimony in natural waters.

In this work, solid phase extraction (SPE) using nano-sized TiO2 as a solid sorbent was used for separation/preconcentration of total inorganic antimony (iSb) before its determination by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS). After adsorption of iSb onto nano-sized TiO2, direct TiO2-slurry sampling was used for sample injection into a graphite tube. The conditions for the reliable slurry sampling together with careful control of the temperature program for the slurry solutions were worked out.

Determination of trace amounts of total dissolved cationic aluminium species in environmental samples by solid phase extraction using nanometer-sized titanium dioxide and atomic spectrometry techniques.

Nanometer-sized titanium dioxide was used as a solid-phase extractant for the separation and preconcentration of trace amounts of Al(III) prior to its determination by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ET AAS) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES). The optimal conditions for the proposed solid phase extraction (SPE; 50mg TiO(2), 10 min extraction time, pH 6.0, HCl and HNO(3) as eluents) and ET AAS measurement (1500 degrees C pyrolysis and 2600 degrees C atomization temperatures, Mg(NO(3))(2) as matrix modifier) were obtained.

The utilization of modified BCR three-step sequential extraction procedure for the fractionation of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in soil reference materials of different origins.

A modified three-step sequential extraction procedure for the fractionation of heavy metals, proposed by the Commission of the European Communities Bureau of Reference (BCR) has been applied to the Slovak reference materials of soils (soil orthic luvisols, soil rendzina and soil eutric cambisol), which represent pedologically different types of soils in Slovakia. Analyses were carried out by flame or electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS or ETAAS). The fractions extracted were: exchangeable (extraction step 1), reducible-iron/manganese oxides (extraction step 2), oxidizable-organic matter and sulfides (extraction step 3).

Utilization of optimized BCR three-step sequential and dilute HCl single extraction procedures for soil-plant metal transfer predictions in contaminated lands.

The prediction of soil metal phytoavailability using the chemical extractions is a conventional approach routinely used in soil testing. The adequacy of such soil tests for this purpose is commonly assessed through a comparison of extraction results with metal contents in relevant plants. In this work, the fractions of selected risk metals (Al, As, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn) that can be taken up by various plants were obtained by optimized BCR (Community Bureau of Reference) three-step sequential extraction procedure (SEP) and by single 0.