Membrane technologies applied to textile wastewater treatment.

This paper describes the experimental results of a pilot-scale application of membrane technologies to textile wastewater advanced treatment, downstream of a biological activated sludge process, aimed at water reuse in textile technology processes. The chosen approach consisted of sand filtration as a pretreatment, a microfiltration (MF) or ultrafiltration (UF) membrane process, and a final separation treatment performed by means of a nanofiltration (NF) or a reverse osmosis (RO) membrane. An experimental study to compare spiral wound membranes, operating under pressure, to flat membranes, operating under vacuum was conducted.

Membrane contactors for textile wastewater ozonation.

This paper deals with the application of a membrane contactor for the ozone treatment of textile wastewater. Ceramic (alpha-Al(2)O(3)) membranes were chosen because of their ozone resistance. A thin metal oxide (TiO(2) and gamma-Al(2)O(3)) layer was deposited on the membrane surface to eliminate large defects.