Ultrastructure of the gastro intestinal tract of healthy Japanese quail () using light and scanning electron microscopy.

The Japanese quail () are popular both as an alternative protein source and as a model of choice for scientific research in several disciplines. There is limited published information on the histological features of the intestinal tract of Japanese quail. The only comprehensive reference is a book published in 1969.

Dynamics of the IL-33/ST2 network in the progression of human colorectal adenoma to sporadic colorectal cancer.

Most sporadic colorectal cancers (CRCs) develop from preformed adenomas. Cytokines are involved in the transition from adenoma to CRC. Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a newly discovered proinflammatory cytokine belonging to the IL-1 cytokine family and involved in the development of chronic inflammation and cancer.

Normalization of mucosal cytokine gene expression levels predicts long-term remission after discontinuation of anti-TNF therapy in Crohn's disease.

Objective: To investigate mucosal cytokine gene expression levels in healed mucosa after anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapy in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) as possible risk factors for relapse after discontinuation of therapy.

Design: Thirty-seven CD patients treated with anti-TNF agents until complete mucosal healing, documented by endoscopy, discontinued anti-TNF treatment and entered a follow-up study. Levels of mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)17A (IL17A), IL23, interferon-gamma (IFNG), TNF-alpha (TNF), IL10 and Forkhead Box P3 (FOXP3) were measured in biopsies from healed mucosa and analyzed as possible risk factors of relapse.

The effect of adalimumab for induction of endoscopic healing and normalization of mucosal cytokine gene expression in Crohn's disease.

Objective: To investigate the effects of adalimumab on the induction of complete endoscopic healing and normalization of mucosal cytokine gene expression in patients with active Crohn's disease.

Material And Methods: A prospective, single-center study including 77 patients. All were examined by endoscopy before initiation of adalimumab induction therapy with a minimum of six adalimumab injections.

Mucosal cytokine gene expression profiles as biomarkers of response to infliximab in ulcerative colitis.

Objective: Mucosal cytokine profile determines T cell differentiation and may play an important role in the clinical course of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Cytokines from different T helper (Th) cell subsets are elevated in inflamed mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), contributing to the inflammation. The aim of this study was to determine the predictive value of pre-treatment mucosal cytokine profile in response to therapy with the anti-TNF agent infliximab (IFX).

TH1 and TH17 interactions in untreated inflamed mucosa of inflammatory bowel disease, and their potential to mediate the inflammation.

Background: Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) have been associated with a T helper1 (TH1) and a TH2 cytokine profile, respectively. Recently, a TH17 lineage has been introduced, but their role in the inflammation of CD and UC is not fully understood.

Aim: To characterize the cytokines directing the TH17 cells and their interactions with TH1 cells in the mucosa of untreated patients with CD and UC.

TNF-alpha gene expression in colorectal mucosa as a predictor of remission after induction therapy with infliximab in ulcerative colitis.

Background: It has been documented that treatment with infliximab (IFX) induces remission in 1/3 of patients with moderate to severe ulcerative colitis (UC). Predictors of response could improve selection of patients with a higher probability of favorable outcome.

Aim: To determine predictor factors for the clinical outcome of IFX induction therapy in UC.