TREM2-Expressing Multinucleated Giant Macrophages Are a Biomarker of Good Prognosis in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Novel individual biomarkers are needed to guide therapeutic decisions for patients with head and neck cancer. We report for the first time, granulomas of TREM2-expressing multinucleated giant macrophages in keratin-rich tumor niches, as a biomarker of favorable prognosis and developed a deep-learning model to automate its quantification on routinely stained pathological slides.

Ultra-fast confocal fluorescence microscopy for neck lymph node imaging in head and neck cancer.

Objectives: We evaluated ultra-fast confocal fluorescence microscopy (UFCM) as a new modality for pathology practice in head and neck cancer (HNC). This was assessed through an ex vivo study to estimate the accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity of interpretation of UFCM images by pathologists for the detection of metastatic lymph nodes in HNC patients undergoing sentinel lymph node biopsy or selective or complete neck dissection.

Materials And Methods: 44 patients with 32 cN0 and 12 cN+ HNC were included.

Intraoperative Parathyroid Gland Identification Using Autofluorescence Imaging in Thyroid Cancer Surgery with Central Neck Dissection: Impact on Post-Operative Hypocalcemia.

Hypoparathyroidism is the most frequent complication in thyroid surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of intraoperative parathyroid gland identification, using autofluorescence imaging, on the rate of post-operative (PO) hypoparathyroidism in thyroid cancer surgery. Patients undergoing total thyroidectomy with central neck dissection from 2018 to 2022 were included.

Epithelial-Myoepithelial Carcinoma of the Maxilla Arising From Minor Salivary Glands of Hard Palate: A Rare Case Report.

Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma is a rare malignant neoplasm of salivary glands. It is specifically found in the major salivary glands. The cases that emerge from minor salivary glands are rarely described.

Sox9 Inhibits Cochlear Hair Cell Fate by Upregulating Hey1 and HeyL Antagonists of Atoh1.

It is widely accepted that cell fate determination in the cochlea is tightly controlled by different transcription factors (TFs) that remain to be fully defined. Here, we show that Sox9, initially expressed in the entire sensory epithelium of the cochlea, progressively disappears from differentiating hair cells (HCs) and is finally restricted to supporting cells (SCs). By performing ex vivo electroporation of E13.

Intraoperative Autofluorescence Imaging for Parathyroid Gland Identification during Total Laryngectomy with Thyroidectomy.

Objective: Hypoparathyroidism is a known complication of total laryngectomy, although parathyroid preservation and/or reimplantation are not routine. Autofluorescence is a new technique for identifying parathyroid glands intraoperatively. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of autofluorescence in this context.

Plasma galectins and metabolites in advanced head and neck carcinomas: evidence of distinct immune characteristics linked to hypopharyngeal tumors.

Extra-cellular galectins 1, 3 and 9 (gal-1, -3 and -9) are known to act as soluble immunosuppressive agents in various malignancies. Previous publications have suggested that their expression is dependent on the metabolic status of producing cells and reciprocally that they can influence metabolic pathways in their target cells. Very little is known about the status of gal-1, -3 and -9 in patients bearing head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) and about their relationships with the systemic metabolic condition.

Risk staging with prophylactic unilateral central neck dissection in low-risk papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Objective: Current guidelines favor thyroid lobectomy for intrathyroidal cT1bT2cN0 papillary thyroid carcinoma. Prophylactic neck dissection (PND) is not recommended for these low-risk tumors due to the lack of high-level evidence on improvement in outcomes, but the information from PND may be used for staging. The aim of this study was to evaluate the rate of upstaging with ipsilateral PND.

2011-2021 rising prevalence of HPV infection among oropharyngeal carcinoma in France.

Background: The objective of our study was to investigate changes over the past decade in patient age and the prevalence of HPV in the population of patients with oropharyngeal carcinoma (OPC) treated at our center.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients treated at our cancer center for OPC between 2011 and 2021. Tissue biopsies were assessed for HPV status based on p16 staining for all patients.

Strategies for Radioiodine Treatment: What's New.

Radioiodine treatment (RAI) represents the most widespread and effective therapy for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). RAI goals encompass ablative (destruction of thyroid remnants, to enhance thyroglobulin predictive value), adjuvant (destruction of microscopic disease to reduce recurrences), and therapeutic (in case of macroscopic iodine avid lesions) purposes, but its use has evolved over time. Randomized trial results have enabled the refinement of RAI indications, moving from a standardized practice to a tailored approach.

Pathological Analysis of Encased Resected Recurrent Nerves in Locally Invasive Thyroid Cancer.

Objective: Thyroid cancer encasing the recurrent nerve is rare, and the decision to resect or preserve the nerve is multifactorial. The objective of this study was to histopathologically analyze resected encased nerves to assess the rate of nerve invasion and risk factors.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective study was carried out on consecutive patients with resection of the recurrent nerve for primary or recurrent follicular cell-derived or medullary thyroid carcinoma from 2005 to 2020.

Unmet Needs and Perspectives in Oral Cancer Prevention.

Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) may precede oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Reported rates of malignant transformation of OPMD range from 3 to 50%. While some clinical, histological, and molecular factors have been associated with a high-risk OPMD, they are, to date, insufficiently accurate for treatment decision-making.

Confocal laser endomicroscopy and confocal microscopy for head and neck cancer imaging: Recent updates and future perspectives.

Confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) is a promising technology that provides real-time histological visualization of living tissue, described as "optical biopsy". It has been used successfully in dermatology, gastroenterology and ophthalmology for clinical diagnosis and tumor margin assessment. In addition to in vivo tissue assessment, confocal microscopy can also be used ex vivo on freshly excised or fixed tissue for intraoperative tumor margin assessment.

Preoperative ultrasound mapping of the vagus nerve in thyroid surgery.

Background: Intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) in thyroid surgery requires electric stimulation of the vagus nerve to verify correct electrode placement. Classically the nerve is found deep to or in-between the common carotid artery and internal jugular vein, but previous studies have shown that the nerve can sometimes be found superficial to the vessels. Our aim was to determine the incidence of a superficial vagus nerve using ultrasound (US) and study possible clinical factors associated with an anteriorly-located vagus nerve.

[De-escalation strategies in differentiated thyroid cancer].

Thyroid cancer runs the gamut from indolent micropapillary carcinoma to highly aggressive metastatic disease. Today, using prognostic algorithms, treatment and follow-up can be tailored to each patient in order to decrease overtreatment and over-medicalization of indolent disease. Active surveillance of papillary thyroid carcinoma less than 1cm avoids surgery and thyroid hormone replacement in a large proportion of patient whose tumors remain stable for years.

Disease-free time stratification in locally recurrent head and neck carcinoma after definitive radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy.

Purpose: There is no standard definition of disease-free interval before local recurrence after treatment in head and neck carcinoma (HNSCC). We evaluated an easy-to-use stratification and its association with survival in a large cohort of patients.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of prognostic variables in 325 HNSCC patients with a local recurrence after definitive radiotherapy or concurrent chemoradiotherapy.

Diagnostic accuracy of in vivo early tumor imaging from probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy versus histologic examination in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Objectives: Probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) is a noninvasive and real-time imaging technique allowing acquisition of in situ images of the tissue microarchitecture during oral surgery. We aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of pCLE combined with patent blue V (PB) in improving the management of early oral cavity, oro/hypopharyngeal, and laryngeal cancer by imaging squamous cell carcinoma in vivo.

Materials And Methods: The prospective study enrolled 44 patients with early head and neck lesions.

Differentiated Thyroid Cancer in Children and Adolescents: Long Term Outcome and Risk Factors for Persistent Disease.

Pediatric differentiated thyroid cancer (P-DTC) frequently presents with advanced disease. The study aim was to evaluate the outcome of P-DTC and a modified 2015 American Thyroid Association risk classification (ATA-R). A retrospective study of consecutive P-DTC patients was performed.

Can preoperative ultrasound predict extrathyroidal extension of differentiated thyroid cancer?

Objective: The presence of extrathyroidal extension (ETE) is generally considered as an indication for total thyroidectomy for differentiated thyroid cancer. The accuracy of neck ultrasound for the diagnosis of ETE is controversial. The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of preoperative ultrasound evaluation of ETE.

Cancer surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: The experience of a comprehensive cancer center performing preoperative screening by RT-PCR and chest CT scan.

Background And Objectives: During the worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), oncological procedures considered to be urgent could not be delayed, and a specific procedure was required to continue surgical activity. The objective was to assess the efficacy of our preoperative screening algorithm.

Methods: This observational retrospective study was performed between the 25th of March and the 12th of May 2020 in a comprehensive cancer center in France.