On the evolution of the sexually transmitted bacteria Haemophilus ducreyi and Klebsiella granulomatis.

Haemophilus ducreyi and Klebsiella (Calymmatobacterium) granulomatis are sexually transmitted bacteria that cause characteristic, persisting ulceration on external genitals called chancroid and granuloma inguinale, respectively. Those ulcers are endemic in developing countries or exist, as does granuloma inguinale, only in some geographic "hot spots."H.

Does automatic transmission improve driving behavior in older drivers?

Background: Most older drivers continue to drive as they age. To maintain safe and independent transport, mobility is important for all individuals, but especially for older drivers.

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate whether automatic transmission, compared with manual transmission, may improve the driving behavior of older drivers.

Factors influencing survival of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica (serovar Typhimurium) and Vibrio parahaemolyticus in marine environments.

The presence and persistence of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is poorly investigated in marine habitats. Here we compared ETEC with the more studied fecal contaminant, Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium (S. enterica) and the marine bacteria Vibrio parahaemolyticus.

Construction of non-toxic Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae strains expressing high and immunogenic levels of enterotoxigenic E. coli colonization factor I fimbriae.

To express high quantities of colonization factor antigen I (CFA/I) derived from enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) for use in ETEC vaccines, the entire CFA/I operon consisting of four genes (cfa-A, -B, -C, -E) was cloned into plasmid expression vectors that could be maintained either with or without antibiotic selection. Expression from the powerful tac promoter was under the control of the lacIq repressor present on the plasmids. Fimbriae were expressed on the surface of both a non-toxigenic E.

Quantitative measurement of nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide in Helicobacter pylori-infected Mongolian gerbils in vivo.

Objective: Peroxynitrite formation, as reflected by nitrotyrosine expression, is low in Helicobacter pylori-infected Mongolian gerbils despite pronounced expression of radical-forming enzymes. The aim of the present study was to investigate in vivo whether H. pylori inhibits either one or both of the nitro- and oxyradical formation pathways.

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli with STh and STp genotypes is associated with diarrhea both in children in areas of endemicity and in travelers.

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is an important cause of diarrhea among children in developing countries and in travelers to areas of ETEC endemicity. ETEC strains isolated from humans may produce a heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) and two types of the heat-stable enterotoxin STa, called STh and STp, encoded by the estA gene. Two commonly used assay methods for the detection of STa, the infant mouse assay or different enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, are unable to distinguish between the two subtypes of ST.

Gastric expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and myeloperoxidase in relation to nitrotyrosine in Helicobacter pylori-infected Mongolian gerbils.

Objective: For obscure reasons Helicobacter pylori infection of the gastric mucosa is maintained despite a pronounced host defence response. The present study elucidates possible H. pylori-related interference in the oxy- and nitro-radical formation pathways.

HpaA is essential for Helicobacter pylori colonization in mice.

Infection with the human gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori can give rise to chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric cancer. All H. pylori strains express the surface-localized protein HpaA, a promising candidate for a vaccine against H.

Helicobacter pylori induces gastritis and intestinal metaplasia but no gastric adenocarcinoma in Mongolian gerbils.

Objective: The Mongolian gerbil is considered as the model of choice when studying adenocarcinoma related to Helicobacter pylori infection. The purpose of this study was to compare two different H. pylori strains and elucidate whether adenocarcinomas developed in gerbils.

Recombinant HpaA purified from Escherichia coli has biological properties similar to those of native Helicobacter pylori HpaA.

The aim of this study was to recombinantly produce and purify Helicobacter pylori adhesin A (HpaA) from Escherichia coli and compare it to purified native H. pylori HpaA, for potential use as a vaccine antigen. The hpaA gene was cloned from H.

The expression of the Helicobacter pylori genes ureA and nap is higher in vivo than in vitro as measured by quantitative competitive reverse transcriptase-PCR.

The expression of the virulence-associated genes ureA, encoding the urease subunit A, and nap, encoding the neutrophil activating protein, in Helicobacter pylori grown both in the stomach of C57/Bl6 mice and in Brucella broth was quantified by quantitative competitive reverse transcriptase-PCR using a homologous RNA standard (competitor) and an external standard (16S rRNA). The results showed that the ureA and nap transcripts were increased up to 15 and 80 times, respectively, in vivo compared to in vitro. The transcription of ureA and nap also differed in that ureA showed highest expression early in infection in mice whereas nap transcription was variable throughout the 18-week infection period.