Imaging of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease: Imaging Patterns and Their Differential Diagnosis.

Diagnosis of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) remains a challenge because of the large variability of the clinical scenario, especially in its early stages, which may mimic several reversible or treatable disorders. The molecular basis of prion disease, as well as its brain propagation and the pathogenesis of the illness, have become better understood in recent decades. Several reports have listed recognizable clinical features and paraclinical tests to supplement the replicable diagnostic criteria in vivo.

Multidetector computed tomography angiography in clinically suspected hyperacute ischemic stroke in the anterior circulation: an etiological workup in a cohort of Brazilian patients.

Objective: The potential of computed tomography angiography (CTA) was assessed for early determination of stroke subtypes in a Brazilian cohort of patients with stroke.

Method: From July 2011 to July 2013, we selected patients with suspected hyperacute stroke (< 6 hours). Intracranial and cervical arteries were scrutinized on CTA and their imaging features were correlated with concurrent subtype of stroke.

Imaging diagnosis of upper motor neuron compromising in a patient with Chiari 1 malformation.

We report a case of a typical MRI from a patient with bulbar-onset sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis associated with Chiari type 1 malformation. Our report reinforces the conventional neuroimaging appearance associated with each condition and the associated abnormalities on a clinical and advanced imaging techniques basis. The MRI signal intensity was useful for detecting upper motor neuron degeneration based on corticospinal tract signal intensity, while diffusion tensor imaging parameters were limited to this purpose.

Central nervous system infectious diseases mimicking multiple sclerosis: recognizing distinguishable features using MRI.

The current diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis (MS) confirm the relevant role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), supporting the possibility of characterizing the dissemination in space (DIS) and the dissemination in time (DIT) in a single scan. To maintain the specificity of these criteria, it is necessary to determine whether T2/FLAIR visible lesions and the gadolinium enhancement can be attributed to diseases that mimic MS. Several diseases are included in the MS differential diagnosis list, including diseases with exacerbation, remitting periods and numerous treatable infectious diseases, which can mimic the MRI features of MS.

Multiparametric multidetector computed tomography scanning on suspicion of hyperacute ischemic stroke: validating a standardized protocol.

Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) scanning has enabled the early diagnosis of hyperacute brain ischemia. We aimed at validating a standardized protocol to read and report MDCT techniques in a series of adult patients. The inter-observer agreement among the trained examiners was tested, and their results were compared with a standard reading.

Basic genetic principles applied to posterior fossa malformations.

Recent advances in neuroimaging techniques turned possible for neuroradiologists to be frequently the first one to detect possible brain structural anomalies. However, with all the recent advances in genetics and embryology, understanding posterior fossa malformation's principles is being hardest to be achieved than previously. Studies in vertebrate models provide a developmental framework in which to categorize human hindbrain malformations and serve to inform our thinking regarding candidate genes involved in disrupted developmental processes.