A 56-Year-Old Woman with Chronic Hepatitis C Liver Disease and Meningitis due to subsp. .

subsp. ( subsp. ), which carries the Lancefield group C antigen, is an uncommon human pathogen.

Suitability of current typing procedures to identify epidemiologically linked human Giardia duodenalis isolates.

Background: Giardia duodenalis is a leading cause of gastroenteritis worldwide. Humans are mainly infected by two different subtypes, i.e.

Multicentre investigation of carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in German hospitals.

Aim of this study was to determine the incidence and molecular epidemiology of carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Germany. E. coli and K.

Detection of significant bacteriuria by use of the iQ200 automated urine microscope.

In the microbiology laboratory, there is an augmented need for rapid screening methods for the detection of bacteria in urine samples, since about two-thirds of these samples will not yield any bacteria or will yield insignificant growth when cultured. Thus, a reliable screening method can free up laboratory resources and can speed up the reporting of a negative urine result. In this study, we have evaluated the detection of leukocytes, bacteria, and a new sediment indicator, the "all small particles" (ASP), by an automated instrument, the iQ200 urine analyzer, to detect negative urine samples that can be excluded from culture.

Radiography-based score indicative for the pathogenicity of bacteria in odontogenic infections.

Objective: To develop a new radiography-based score to assess the potential of bacteria to cause odontogenic infections derived from the occurrence of bacteria at small or large radiographical lesions.

Materials And Methods: The patients analyzed were a sub-population from a large randomized clinical trial comparing moxifloxacin and clindamycin in the treatment of inflammatory infiltrates and odontogenic abscesses. Routine radiographs were used to analyze the area of the periapical radiolucent lesions.

Increased T helper type 17 response to pathogen stimulation in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis.

Unlabelled: T helper (Th)17 cells are important for host defense against bacteria and fungi, but are also involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. In primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), bile fluid is frequently colonized with pathogens and its strong association with inflammatory bowel disease suggests the contribution of pathogen responses to disease pathogenesis. Interleukin (IL)-17A, the signature cytokine of Th17 cells, was recently described to promote inflammation and fibrosis within the liver.

Aspergillus galactomannan antigen for diagnosis and treatment monitoring in cerebral aspergillosis.

Invasive aspergillosis, especially neuroaspergillosis, predominantly affects immunocompromised patients such as transplant recipients. Early diagnosis and subsequent early initiation of therapy may improve final outcome. In cerebral aspergillosis, samples for culture or histopathology, the diagnostic reference standard, are often impossible to obtain without risk.

Microbiological analysis of a prospective, randomized, double-blind trial comparing moxifloxacin and clindamycin in the treatment of odontogenic infiltrates and abscesses.

The objective of this study was to identify the oral pathogens found in odontogenic infections, to determine their susceptibilities to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (AMC), clindamycin (CLI), doxycycline (DOX), levofloxacin (LVX), moxifloxacin (MXF), and penicillin (PEN), and to search for associations between specific pathogens and types of infection. Swabs from patients enrolled in a randomized, double-blind phase II trial comparing MXF with CLI for the treatment of odontogenic abscesses or inflammatory infiltrates were cultured on media for aerobes and anaerobes. All bacterial isolates were identified at the species level.

Characterization of Enterobacter cloacae pneumonia: a single-center retrospective analysis.

Objectives: Enterobacter cloacae (E. cloacae) is a Gram-negative rod commonly found on intensive care units (ICU) causing severe infections with high mortality. Specific characteristics of E.

Comparative efficacy and safety of moxifloxacin and clindamycin in the treatment of odontogenic abscesses and inflammatory infiltrates: a phase II, double-blind, randomized trial.

Moxifloxacin penetrates well into oromaxillary tissue and covers the causative pathogens that show an increasing resistance to standard antibiotics. Clinical reports suggest that moxifloxacin may be effective for the treatment of odontogenic infections that can lead to serious complications. The objective of this prospective, randomized, double-blind, multicenter study was to compare the efficacies and safeties of moxifloxacin and clindamycin for the medical treatment of patients with gingival inflammatory infiltrates and as an adjuvant therapy for patients with odontogenic abscesses requiring surgical treatment.

Rapid identification of bacteria from positive blood culture bottles by use of matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time of flight mass spectrometry fingerprinting.

Early and adequate antimicrobial therapy has been shown to improve the clinical outcome in bloodstream infections (BSI). To provide rapid pathogen identification for targeted treatment, we applied matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry fingerprinting to bacteria directly recovered from blood culture bottles. A total of 304 aerobic and anaerobic blood cultures, reported positive by a Bactec 9240 system, were subjected in parallel to differential centrifugation with subsequent mass spectrometry fingerprinting and reference identification using established microbiological methods.

Invasive aspergillosis caused by Aspergillus terreus in a living donor liver transplant recipient successfully treated by caspofungin.

Invasive aspergillosis is one of the most severe complications after liver transplantation characterised by early dissemination of disease and high mortality. Recent data show that the prognosis is diminishing even further when Aspergillus terreus, a strain resistant to standard treatment with amphotericin, is isolated. We report a high risk liver transplant recipient with multiple co-morbidities including renal failure and allograft dysfunction in whom pulmonary aspergillosis due to A.

Penetration of moxifloxacin into rat mandibular bone and soft tissue.

Objective: Based on its in vitro activity and spectrum of activity, the new 8-methoxyquinolone antibiotic moxifloxacin (MXF) seems suited for the antibiotic therapy of odontogenic infections. Penetration into the relevant tissue is another prerequisite for clinical efficacy. For this reason, the levels of MXF in plasma, soft tissue, and mandibular bone were determined in an animal model with Wistar rats.

Pathology of fatal traumatic and nontraumatic clostridial gas gangrene: a histopathological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural study of six autopsy cases.

We prospectively investigated six fatal cases of clostridial gas gangrene using autopsy, histology, immunohistochemistry, microbiology, and scanning electron microscopy. The causative pathogen was Clostridium perfringens in four cases, C. sordellii in one case, and a mixed infection with both C.

Detection and genotyping of SHV beta-lactamase variants by mass spectrometry after base-specific cleavage of in vitro-generated RNA transcripts.

Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) after base-specific cleavage of PCR-amplified and in vitro-transcribed bla(SHV) genes was used for the identification and genotyping of SHV beta-lactamases. For evaluation, bla(SHV) stretches of 21 clinical Enterobacteriaceae isolates were PCR amplified using T7 promoter-tagged forward and reverse primers, respectively. In vitro transcripts were generated with T7 RNA and DNA polymerase in the presence of modified analogues replacing either CTP or UTP.

Haemopoietic cell transplantation of patients with a history of deep or invasive fungal infection during prophylaxis with liposomal amphotericin B.

Relapse of a preceding fungal infection is a considerable risk during haemopoietic stem cell transplantation. The optimal secondary prophylaxis has not been found so far since the application of standard drugs is hampered by potential ineffectiveness or intolerable side effects. This investigation describes haemopoietic cell transplantation of patients with a history of invasive or systemic fungal infection (IFI).

Evaluation of a new screen agar plate for detection and presumptive identification of Enterobacteriaceae producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases.

A new agar screen plate for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) detection was evaluated with 50 clinical isolates of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae species: Enterobacter cloacae (n = 10), Escherichia coli (n = 10), Klebsiella oxytoca (n = 3), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 25), and Proteus mirabilis (n = 2). Fecal samples were artificially inoculated with 2 concentrations (25 and 250 colony forming units [CFU]/plate) of the test strains and then applied to the new agar screen plates. By this approach, the new agar formula detected growth that was suggestive of ESBL activity in 44 of 50 (88%) and 50 of 50 (100%) of ESBL strains with 25 and 250 CFU/plate, respectively.

Disseminated Mycobacterium haemophilum infection as initial manifestation of AIDS.

Mycobacterium haemophilum has rarely been implicated in human disease. The organisms have been isolated mainly in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease or transplant recipients. We describe the first case of a disseminated M.

Evaluation of a new cefepime-clavulanate ESBL Etest to detect extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in an Enterobacteriaceae strain collection.

Objectives: In this study, we evaluated the performance of a new ESBL Etest configuration based on clavulanate synergy with cefepime compared with cefotaxime-clavulanate and ceftazidime-clavulanate ESBL Etest strips for the detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) in an Enterobacteriaceae strain collection, with special focus on Enterobacter spp.

Methods: Overall, a total of 54 clinical isolates of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae species were evaluated: Enterobacter aerogenes (n=3), Enterobacter cloacae (n=10), Escherichia coli (n=10), Klebsiella oxytoca (n=3), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=25) and Proteus mirabilis (n=3). To check Etest behaviour with resistance phenotypes similar to ESBL, our panel was expanded by six clinical isolates of K.

Comparison of BDPhoenix and VITEK2 automated antimicrobial susceptibility test systems for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase detection in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species clinical isolates.

The present study compares the ability to detect extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) among a collection of 34 ESBL producing clinical isolates belonging to Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species with two new rapid susceptibility and identification instruments-VITEK2 (bioMérieux, Marcy l'Etoile, France) vs. BDPhoenix (BD Biosciences, Sparks, MD). ESBL content in these isolates was previously characterized on the basis of PCR amplification and sequencing results which were used as the reference method in our evaluation.

In vitro activity of moxifloxacin against bacteria isolated from odontogenic abscesses.

We evaluated the antimicrobial susceptibility of 87 pathogens isolated from 37 patients with odontogenic abscesses. The most prevalent bacteria were viridans group streptococci and Prevotella species. Considering all bacterial isolates, 100% were susceptible to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, 98% were susceptible to moxifloxacin and to levofloxacin, 76% were susceptible to doxycycline, 75% were susceptible to clindamycin, and 69% were susceptible to penicillin.