Hypothermia improves oral and gastric mucosal microvascular oxygenation during hemorrhagic shock in dogs.

Hypothermia is known to improve tissue function in different organs during physiological and pathological conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of hypothermia on oral and gastric mucosal microvascular oxygenation (μHbO2) and perfusion (μflow) under physiological and hemorrhagic conditions. Five dogs were repeatedly anesthetized.

Hypercapnia counteracts captopril-induced depression of gastric mucosal oxygenation.

Hypercapnia (HC) increases systemic oxygen delivery (DO2) and gastric mucosal oxygenation. However, it activates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), which conversely reduces mesenteric perfusion. The aims of this study were to evaluate the effect of RAAS inhibition during normocapnia and HC on oral and gastric mucosal oxygenation (μHbO2) and to assess the effect of blood pressure under these circumstances.

Vasopressin V(1A) receptors mediate the increase in gastric mucosal oxygenation during hypercapnia.

Hypercapnia (HC) improves systemic oxygen delivery (DO₂) and microvascular hemoglobin oxygenation of the mucosa (μHbO₂). Simultaneously, HC increases plasma levels of vasopressin. Although vasopressin is generally regarded a potent vasoconstrictor particularly in the splanchnic region, its effects on splanchnic microcirculation during HC is unclear.

Neither inhalative nor intravenous application of carbon monoxide modifies gastric mucosal oxygenation.

This study was designed to compare the effects of different ways of administering carbon monoxide (intravenous and inhalative) on gastric mucosal oxygenation in a canine model of hemorrhage. Six chronically instrumented dogs were repeatedly anesthetized and randomized to each of the following protocols: In a first series the animals were ventilated either with 100 ppm carbon monoxide (CO) or without followed by hemorrhage and re-transfusion. In a second series a saturated CO solution was infused, compared to normal saline, again followed by hemorrhage and re-transfusion.

The effects of levosimendan and glibenclamide on circulatory and metabolic variables in a canine model of acute hypoxia.

Purpose: To study the effects of pretreatment with levosimendan (LEVO, a Ca²(+)-sensitizer and K (ATP) (+) channel opener) and/or the K (ATP) (+) channel antagonist glibenclamide (GLIB) on systemic hemodynamics, metabolism, and regional gastromucosal oxygenation during hypoxic hypoxemia.

Methods: Chronically instrumented, healthy dogs (24-32 kg, n = 6 per group, randomized cross-over design) were repeatedly sedated, mechanically ventilated (FiO₂ ~0.3) and subjected to the following interventions: no pretreatment, LEVO pretreatment, GLIB pretreatment, or combined LEVO + GLIB pretreatment, each followed by hypoxic hypoxemia (FiO₂ ~0.

Endocrine and psychological stress responses in a simulated emergency situation.

Background: Several studies have assessed the effects of training using patient simulation systems on medical skills. However, endocrine and psychological stress responses in a patient simulation situation and the relationship between stress reactivity and medical performance have been studied rarely, so far.

Methods: Medical students (18 males and 16 females) who had completed at least two months anaesthesiology training participated in the study.

Hypercapnic acidosis preserves gastric mucosal microvascular oxygen saturation in a canine model of hemorrhage.

The authors aimed to clarify the effects of hypercapnic acidosis and its timing on gastric mucosal oxygenation in a canine model of hemorrhage. This was designed as a prospective, controlled, randomized animal study set in a university research laboratory. Five chronically instrumented dogs were used.

Perioperative liver protection.

Purpose Of Review: This review presents important pathophysiological alterations associated with impaired liver function and discusses protective perioperative strategies and the various anaesthetic agents recommended.

Recent Findings: Perioperative liver impairment is a serious complication of anaesthesia and surgery. Unfortunately, clinicians are provided with only crude macrohaemodynamic monitoring devices to optimize their therapy.

Hypercapnia induces a concentration-dependent increase in gastric mucosal oxygenation in dogs.

Objective: To clarify the effects of hypercapnia (increased PaCO2) on gastric mucosal oxygenation during anaesthesia in dogs.

Design: Prospective, controlled animal study.

Setting: Experimental research laboratory of an university hospital.

Clonidine elicits a long-term depression in mucosal red cell flux.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of clonidine on mucosal red cell flux during baseline sedation with propofol or sevoflurane, respectively.

Materials And Methods: Six healthy, chronically instrumented dogs for the measurement of cardiac output (CO) were repeatedly studied. During baseline sedation with either propofol (15 mg x kg(-1) x h(-1)) or sevoflurane (1.