Harmonization of alcohol use data and mortality across a multi-national HIV cohort collaboration.

Background: Alcohol use is measured in diverse ways across settings. Harmonization of measures is necessary to assess effects of alcohol use in multi-cohort collaborations, such as studies of people with HIV (PWH).

Methods: Data were combined from 14 HIV cohort studies (nine European, five North American) participating in the Antiretroviral Therapy Cohort Collaboration.

Fabrication of a 3D-Printed Interim Bite Splint for a Hemimandibulectomy Patient: A Case Report.

Mandibular continuity defects can result in varying degrees of cosmetic disfigurement. Restoration of form and function may require surgical reconstruction of the affected area. While surgical reconstruction may improve the overall prognostic outcomes for the patient, the definitive prosthetic phase can commence only after a substantial time lag for adequate hard/soft tissue healing.

The Retrospective Implementation of Standardized In Utero HIV Exposure Definitions Using Routinely Collected Public Sector Data Across the Western Cape Province, South Africa.

Using the Data Evaluation and Preparation for HIV-Exposed Uninfected Child Cohorts project's standardized child HIV exposure definitions, 64%, 64% and 90% of children exposed to HIV in utero could be classified as HIV-uninfected with moderate or high certainty at the ages of 1 and 3 years and at the time of first infectious disease hospitalization, respectively. These definitions can be applied retrospectively to routine datasets with linked mother-child data.

Corrigendum to 'Exploration of the adsorption capability by doping Pb@ZnFe2O4 nanocomposites (NCs) for decontamination of dye from textile wastewater' [Heliyon, 5(2019) 2412].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.

Care interruptions and mortality among adults in Europe and North America.

Objective: Interruptions in care of people with HIV (PWH) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) are associated with adverse outcomes, but most studies have relied on composite outcomes. We investigated whether mortality risk following care interruptions differed from mortality risk after first starting ART.

Design: Collaboration of 18 European and North American HIV observational cohort studies of adults with HIV starting ART between 2004 and 2019.

Antiretroviral Drug Repositioning for Glioblastoma.

Outcomes for glioblastoma (GBM) remain poor despite standard-of-care treatments including surgical resection, radiation, and chemotherapy. Intratumoral heterogeneity contributes to treatment resistance and poor prognosis, thus demanding novel therapeutic approaches. Drug repositioning studies on antiretroviral therapy (ART) have shown promising potent antineoplastic effects in multiple cancers; however, its efficacy in GBM remains unclear.

A Rare Cutaneous Malignancy: A Primary Cutaneous Carcinosarcoma with Adnexal Epithelial Component (Trichoblastic Carcinosarcoma) of Left Temporal Region.

Primary cutaneous carcinosarcoma (PCCS) is a rare cutaneous biphasic tumour with just 120 cases being reported till date. The epithelial component trichoblastic carcinoma/ malignant trichoblastoma (trichoblastic carcinosarcoma) is even rarer, so is the present case. An eighty years old male patient presented with a rapidly progressing ulceroproliferative nodular growth on the left temporal region.

Longitudinal trends in causes of death among adults with HIV on antiretroviral therapy in Europe and North America from 1996 to 2020: a collaboration of cohort studies.

Background: Mortality rates among people with HIV have fallen since 1996 following the widespread availability of effective antiretroviral therapy (ART). Patterns of cause-specific mortality are evolving as the population with HIV ages. We aimed to investigate longitudinal trends in cause-specific mortality among people with HIV starting ART in Europe and North America.

Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor Control in People With and Without HIV.

Background: Management of hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes and other modifiable factors may mitigate the cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV, PWH) compared with people without HIV (PWoH).

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of 8285 PWH and 170 517 PWoH from an integrated health system. Risk factor control was measured using a novel disease management index (DMI) accounting for amount/duration above treatment goals (0% to 100% [perfect control]), including 2 DMIs for hypertension (diastolic and systolic blood pressure), 3 for dyslipidemia (low-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, triglycerides), and 1 for diabetes (HbA1c).

Estimation of Improvements in Mortality in Spectrum Among Adults With HIV Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy in High-Income Countries.

Introduction: Mortality rates for people living with HIV (PLHIV) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in high-income countries continue to decline. We compared mortality rates among PLHIV on ART in Europe for 2016-2020 with Spectrum's estimates.

Methods: The AIDS Impact Module in Spectrum is a compartmental HIV epidemic model coupled with a demographic population projection model.

Change in HIV-related characteristics of children hospitalised with infectious diseases in Western Cape, South Africa, 2008-2021: a time trend analysis.

Introduction: With the scaling up of vertical HIV transmission prevention programmes, the HIV-related population profile of children in South Africa has shifted. We described temporal changes in HIV-related characteristics of children, aged ≤3 years (up to the third birthday), with infectious disease hospitalisations across the Western Cape province.

Methods: We used routinely collected electronic data to identify children born in the Western Cape with infectious disease hospital records for lower respiratory tract infections, diarrhoea, meningitis and tuberculous meningitis, from 2008 to 2021.

HIV-1 drug resistance in people on dolutegravir-based antiretroviral therapy: a collaborative cohort analysis.

Background: The widespread use of the integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) dolutegravir in first-line and second-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) might facilitate emerging resistance. The DTG RESIST study combined data from HIV cohorts to examine patterns of drug resistance mutations (DRMs) and identify risk factors for dolutegravir resistance.

Methods: We included cohorts with INSTI resistance data from two collaborations (ART Cohort Collaboration, International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS in Southern Africa), and the UK Collaborative HIV Cohort.

All-cause hospitalisation among people living with HIV according to gender, mode of HIV acquisition, ethnicity, and geographical origin in Europe and North America: findings from the ART-CC cohort collaboration.

Background: Understanding demographic disparities in hospitalisation is crucial for the identification of vulnerable populations, interventions, and resource planning.

Methods: Data were from the Antiretroviral Therapy Cohort Collaboration (ART-CC) on people living with HIV in Europe and North America, followed up between January, 2007 and December, 2020. We investigated differences in all-cause hospitalisation according to gender and mode of HIV acquisition, ethnicity, and combined geographical origin and ethnicity, in people living with HIV on modern combination antiretroviral therapy (cART).

Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy Induces Robust Local Immune Response for Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma With Long-term Survival and Disease Control.

Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) is a minimally invasive neurosurgical technique used to ablate intra-axial brain tumors. The impact of LITT on the tumor microenvironment is scarcely reported. Nonablative LITT-induced hyperthermia (33-43˚C) increases intra-tumoral mutational burden and neoantigen production, promoting immunogenic cell death.

Bacillus subtilis NrnB is expressed during sporulation and acts as a unique 3'-5' exonuclease.

All cells employ a combination of endo- and exoribonucleases to degrade long RNA polymers to fragments 2-5 nucleotides in length. These short RNA fragments are processed to monoribonucleotides by nanoRNases. Genetic depletion of nanoRNases has been shown to increase abundance of short RNAs.

Contribution of alcohol use in HIV/hepatitis C virus co-infection to all-cause and cause-specific mortality: A collaboration of cohort studies.

Among persons with HIV (PWH), higher alcohol use and having hepatitis C virus (HCV) are separately associated with increased morbidity and mortality. We investigated whether the association between alcohol use and mortality among PWH is modified by HCV. Data were combined from European and North American cohorts of adult PWH who started antiretroviral therapy (ART).

Impact of hepatitis C cure on risk of mortality and morbidity in people with HIV after antiretroviral therapy initiation.

Objective: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infection is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in people with HIV (PWH). Sustained virological response (SVR) decreases the risk of HCV-associated morbidity. We compared mortality, risk of AIDS-defining events, and non-AIDS nonliver (NANL) cancers between HCV-co-infected PWH who reached SVR and mono-infected PWH.

sHIV-1 drug resistance in people on dolutegravir-based ART: Collaborative analysis of cohort studies.

Background: The widespread use of the integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) dolutegravir (DTG) in first- and second-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) may facilitate emerging resistance. We combined data from HIV cohorts to examine patterns of drug resistance mutations (DRMs) and identify risk factors for DTG resistance.

Methods: Eight cohorts from Canada, Europe, and South Africa contributed data on individuals with genotypic resistance testing on DTG-based ART.

Early Antiretroviral Therapy Not Associated With Higher Cryptococcal Meningitis Mortality in People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in High-Income Countries: An International Collaborative Cohort Study.

Background: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from low- and middle-income settings suggested that early initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) leads to higher mortality rates among people with HIV (PWH) who present with cryptococcal meningitis (CM). There is limited information about the impact of ART timing on mortality rates in similar people in high-income settings.

Methods: Data on ART-naive PWH with CM diagnosed from 1994 to 2012 from Europe/North America were pooled from the COHERE, NA-ACCORD, and CNICS HIV cohort collaborations.

Predicting Academic Career Placement via Development of Novel Intra-residency Metrics.

Objective: Increasing centralization of high-level neurosurgical practice at academic centers has increased the need for academic neurosurgeons. The lack of systematic metrics-based analyses among neurosurgery trainees and the recent pass/fail U.S.