The risk of drug-induced liver injury associated with flucloxacillin: a nationwide, entropy-balanced cohort study.

Objectives: In this nationwide cohort study in a Scandinavian setting, we aimed to investigate the magnitude of association between flucloxacillin use and drug-induced liver injury (DILI).

Methods: Nationwide cohort study among adults in Sweden, 2006-2018, was conducted. Register data on filled prescriptions, patient characteristics, co-medications, and DILI were linked.

Long-term Mortality and Hospital Readmissions Among Survivors of Sepsis in Sweden: A Population-Based Cohort Study.

Background: Survivors of sepsis may experience long-term risk of increased morbidity and mortality, but estimations of cause-specific effects beyond 1 year after a sepsis episode are lacking.

Method: This nationwide population-based cohort study linked data from national registers to compare patients aged ≥18 years in Sweden admitted to an intensive care unit from 2008 to 2019 with severe community-acquired sepsis. Patients were identified through the Swedish Intensive Care Registry, and randomly selected population controls were matched for age, sex, calendar year, and county of residence.

Previous SARS-CoV-2 infections and their impact on the protection from reinfection during the Omicron BA.5 wave - a nested case-control study among vaccinated adults in Sweden.

Objectives: We evaluated the protection afforded by SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced immunity against reinfection among working-age vaccinated individuals during a calendar period from June to December 2022 when Omicron BA.5 was the dominating subvariant in Scania County, Sweden.

Methods: The study cohort (n = 71,592) mainly consisted of health care workers.

Improved identification of Streptococcus bovis-Streptococcus equinus-complex species and subspecies by MALDI-TOF MS using a novel library.

Objectives: To develop an in-house matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) library for improved identification of species and subspecies of the Streptococcus bovis/Streptococcus equinus-complex (SBSEC).

Methods: A total of 236 SBSEC isolates from blood stream infections and culture collections, determined by whole genome sequencing to subspecies level, were grown in brain heart infusion broth. Mass spectra were collected using the Bruker MALDI Biotyper system after ethanol-formic acid extraction.

Waning protection after vaccination and prior infection against COVID-19-related mortality over 18 months.

Objectives: Evidence on waning patterns in protection from vaccine-induced, infection-induced, and hybrid immunity against death is scarce. The aim of this study is to assess the temporal trends in protection against mortality.

Methods: Population-based case-control study nested in the total population of Scania Region, Sweden using individual-level registry data of COVID-19-related deaths (<30 days after positive SARS-CoV-2 test) between 27 December 2020 and 3 June 2022.

Influenza A subtype H3N2 is associated with an increased risk of hospital dissemination - an observational study over six influenza seasons.

Background: Previous studies on hospital-acquired influenza (HAI) have not systematically evaluated the possible impact of different influenza subtypes. HAI has historically been associated with high mortality, but clinical consequences may be less severe in a modern hospital setting.

Aims: To identify and quantify HAI for each season, investigate possible associations with varying influenza subtypes, and to determine HAI-associated mortality.

Prognosis after Intensive Care for COPD Exacerbation in Relation to Long-Term Oxygen Therapy: A Nationwide Cohort Study.

Decisions to admit or refuse admission to intensive care for acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD) can be difficult, due to an uncertainty about prognosis. Few studies have evaluated outcomes after intensive care for AECOPD in patients with chronic respiratory failure requiring long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT). In this nationwide observational cohort study, we investigated survival after first-time admission for AECOPD in all patients aged ≥40 years admitted to Swedish intensive care units between January 2008 and December 2015, comparing patients with and without LTOT.

A regression discontinuity analysis of the social distancing recommendations for older adults in Sweden during COVID-19.

Background: This article investigates the impact of a non-mandatory and age-specific social distancing recommendation on isolation behaviours and disease outcomes in Sweden during the first wave of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic (March to July 2020). The policy stated that people aged 70 years or older should avoid crowded places and contact with people outside the household.

Methods: We used a regression discontinuity design-in combination with self-reported isolation data from COVID Symptom Study Sweden (n = 96 053; age range: 39-79 years) and national register data (age range: 39-100+ years) on severe COVID-19 disease (hospitalization or death, n = 21 804) and confirmed cases (n = 48 984)-to estimate the effects of the policy.

Prevalence and factors associated with faecal carriage of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales among peripartum women in the community in Cambodia.

Background: In Southeast-Asia, where many conditions associated with dissemination of ESBL-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E) in the community are met, data from the community are scarce but show high ESBL-E carriage prevalence. Maternal ESBL-E colonization is considered a risk factor for neonatal colonization, which is the first step towards developing neonatal sepsis. Despite this, ESBL-E carriage prevalence and its risk factors during pregnancy or postpartum remain undefined in Southeast-Asia.

Bacteraemia and infective endocarditis with complex: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: complex (SBSEC) comprise several species and subspecies and is a common cause of infective endocarditis (IE). subsp. () accounts for a majority of SBSEC IE, but the risk of IE for other subspecies is largely unknown.

A retrospective cohort study of the effect of SARS-CoV-2 point of care rapid RT-PCR at the Emergency Department on targeted admission.

Background: To prevent nosocomial transmission of SARS-CoV-2, infection prevention control (IPC) measures are implemented for patients with symptoms compatible with COVID-19 until reliable test results are available. This delays admission to the most appropriate ward based on the medical condition. SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen detection (RAD) tests and point-of-care (POC) rapid RT-PCR (VitaPCR) were introduced at emergency department (ED) at Skåne University Hospital, Sweden in late 2020, but the consequence on patient flow and targeted admission is unknown.

COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against severe disease from SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 subvariants - surveillance results from southern Sweden, December 2021 to March 2022.

We compared vaccine effectiveness against severe COVID-19 between December 2021 and March 2022 when Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 were the dominating SARS-CoV-2 variants in Scania county, Sweden.

Risk of severe COVID-19 from the Delta and Omicron variants in relation to vaccination status, sex, age and comorbidities - surveillance results from southern Sweden, July 2021 to January 2022.

We compared the risk of severe COVID-19 during two periods 2021 and 2022 when Delta and Omicron, respectively, were the dominating virus variants in Scania county, Sweden. We adjusted for differences in sex, age, comorbidities, prior infection and vaccination. Risk of severe disease from Omicron was markedly lower among vaccinated cases.

Surveillance of COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness - a real-time case-control study in southern Sweden.

The extensive register infrastructure available for coronavirus disease 2019 surveillance in Scania county, Sweden, makes it possible to classify individual cases with respect to hospitalisation and disease severity, stratify on time since last dose and demographic factors, account for prior infection and extract data for population controls automatically. In the present study, we developed a case–control sampling design to surveil vaccine effectiveness (VE) in this ethnically and socioeconomically diverse population with more than 1.3 million inhabitants.

-bacteremia: subspecies distribution and association with colorectal cancer: a retrospective cohort study.

This study aimed to describe the incidence of complex (SBSEC) bacteremia, distribution of the SBSEC subspecies, and their respective association with colorectal cancer (CRC). A population-based retrospective cohort study of all episodes of SBSEC-bacteremia from 2003 to 2018 in Skåne Region, Sweden. Subspecies was determined by whole-genome sequencing.

High level of protection against COVID-19 after two doses of BNT162b2 vaccine in the working age population - first results from a cohort study in Southern Sweden.

Background: Vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19 needs to be assessed in diverse real-world population settings.

Methods: A cohort study of 805,741 residents in Skåne county, Southern Sweden, aged 18-64 years, of whom 26,587 received at least one dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine. Incidence rates of COVID-19 were estimated in sex- and age-adjusted analysis and stratified in two-week periods with substantial community spread of the disease.

Risk of environmental transmission of norovirus infection from prior room occupants.

Background: Environmental contamination of norovirus (NoV) is believed to be a significant source for further transmission in hospitals.

Aim: To investigate the risk of acquiring NoV in a cleaned room previously occupied by a patient with NoV infection. The risk of having a roommate with recent NoV infection was also assessed.

Oral Fluoroquinolone Use and the Risk of Acute Liver Injury: A Nationwide Cohort Study.

Background: Antibiotics are considered to be among the most frequent causes of drug-related acute liver injury (ALI). Although many ALIs have mild and reversible clinical outcomes, there is substantial risk of severe reactions leading to acute liver failure, need for liver transplant, and death. Recent studies have raised concerns of hepatotoxic potential related to the use of fluoroquinolones.

Short time to blood culture positivity in Enterococcus faecalis infective endocarditis.

Time to blood culture positivity (TTP) is an indirect measure of bacterial concentration in blood. A short TTP has been linked to the presence of infective endocarditis (IE) and to poor prognosis in Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. We analyze factors influencing TTP in bacteremia with Enterococcus faecalis.

Proton-Pump Inhibitor Use and the Risk of Community-Associated Clostridium difficile Infection.

Background: Proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) have been reported to increase the risk of community-associated Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), but the association remains disputed.

Methods: A nationwide cohort study among adults in Denmark, 2010-2013, linking register data on C. difficile testing, filled prescriptions, and patient characteristics.

Prognostic significance of body temperature in the emergency department vs the ICU in Patients with severe sepsis or septic shock: A nationwide cohort study.

Background: Increased body temperature in the Emergency Department (BT-ED) and the ICU (BT-ICU) is associated with lower mortality in patients with sepsis. Here, we compared how well BT-ED and BT-ICU predict mortality; investigated mortality in various combinations of BT-ED and BT-ICU, and; compared degree of fever in the ED and ICU and associated quality of care.

Methods: 2385 adults who were admitted to an ICU within 24 hours of ED arrival with severe sepsis or septic shock were included.

Risk of bacteremia in patients presenting with shaking chills and vomiting - a prospective cohort study.

Chills and vomiting have traditionally been associated with severe bacterial infections and bacteremia. However, few modern studies have in a prospective way evaluated the association of these signs with bacteremia, which is the aim of this prospective, multicenter study. Patients presenting to the emergency department with at least one affected vital sign (increased respiratory rate, increased heart rate, altered mental status, decreased blood pressure or decreased oxygen saturation) were included.