A universal approach to gene expression engineering.

In this study, we provide a universal approach to Gene Expression Engineering (GeneEE) for creating artificial expression systems. GeneEE leads to the generation of artificial 5 regulatory sequences (ARES) consisting of promoters and 5 untranslated regions. The ARES lead to the successful recruitment of RNA polymerase, related sigma factors and ribosomal proteins that result in a wide range of expression levels.

Dual UTR-A novel 5' untranslated region design for synthetic biology applications.

Bacterial 5' untranslated regions of mRNA (UTR) involve in a complex regulation of gene expression; however, the exact sequence features contributing to gene regulation are not yet fully understood. In this study, we report the design of a novel 5' UTR, dual UTR, utilizing the transcriptional and translational characteristics of 5' UTRs in a single expression cassette. The dual UTR consists of two 5' UTRs, each separately leading to either increase in transcription or translation of the reporter, that are separated by a spacer region, enabling translation initiation.