Associations between body height and cardiovascular risk factors in women and men: a population-based longitudinal study based on The Tromsø Study 1979-2016.

Objectives: Investigate associations between body height and cardiovascular disease risk factors at several time points in women and men across educational levels in Norway.

Design: Population-based longitudinal study.

Setting: The Tromsø Study, a population-based study with six surveys conducted between 1979 and 2016 in the municipality of Tromsø, Norway.

Joint effect of ischemic stroke and obesity on the risk of venous thromboembolism: the Tromsø Study.

Background: Patients with ischemic stroke have increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Obesity is prevalent in stroke patients and a well-established risk factor for VTE. Whether obesity further increases the VTE risk in patients with stroke remains unclear.

Females Display Lower Risk of Myocardial Infarction From Higher Estimated Cardiorespiratory Fitness Than Males: The Tromsø Study 1994-2014.

Objective: To examine the dose-response association between estimated cardiorespiratory fitness (eCRF) and risk of myocardial infarction (MI).

Patients And Methods: Adults who attended Tromsø Study surveys 4-6 (Janurary 1,1994-December 20, 2008) with no previous cardiovascular disease were followed up through December 31, 2014 for incident MI. Associations were examined using restricted cubic splines Fine and Gray regressions, adjusted for education, smoking, alcohol, diet, sex, adiposity, physical activity, study survey, and age (timescale) in the total cohort and subsamples with hyperlipidemia (n=2956), hypertension (n=8290), obesity (n=5784), metabolic syndrome (n=1410), smokers (n=3823), and poor diet (n=3463) and in those who were physically inactive (n=6255).

GWAS of random glucose in 476,326 individuals provide insights into diabetes pathophysiology, complications and treatment stratification.

Conventional measurements of fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels investigated in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) cannot capture the effects of DNA variability on 'around the clock' glucoregulatory processes. Here we show that GWAS meta-analysis of glucose measurements under nonstandardized conditions (random glucose (RG)) in 476,326 individuals of diverse ancestries and without diabetes enables locus discovery and innovative pathophysiological observations. We discovered 120 RG loci represented by 150 distinct signals, including 13 with sex-dimorphic effects, two cross-ancestry and seven rare frequency signals.

Lipid Levels During Adult Lifetime in Men and Women With and Without a Subsequent Incident Myocardial Infarction: A Longitudinal Analysis of Data From the Tromsø Study 1974 to 2016.

Background The atherosclerotic effect of an adverse lipid profile is assumed to accumulate throughout life, leading to increased risk of myocardial infarction (MI). Still, little is known about age at onset and duration of unfavorable lipid levels before MI. Methods and Results Longitudinal data on serum lipid levels for 26 130 individuals (50.

Trends in prevalence, treatment and control of hypertension in 38,825 adults over 36 years in Tromsø prospective study.

Aims/background: Serial blood pressure surveys in cohort studies can inform public health policies to control blood pressure for prevention of cardiovascular diseases.

Methods: Mean levels of systolic blood pressure (SBP) were collected in six sequential surveys, involving 38,825 individuals aged 30-79 years (51% female), between 1979 and 2015 in the Tromsø Study in Norway. Mean levels of SBP, prevalence of hypertension and use of blood pressure-lowering treatment were estimated by age, sex and calendar year of survey.

Time trends in body height according to educational level. A descriptive study from the Tromsø Study 1979-2016.

Objectives: The objective of our study was to describe time trends in body height according to attained educational level in women and men in Norway.

Methods: We used previously collected data from six repeated cross-sectional studies in the population based Tromsø Study 1979-2016. Measured body height in cm and self-reported educational level were the primary outcome measures.

Achievements of primary prevention targets in individuals with high risk of cardiovascular disease: an 8-year follow-up of the Tromsø study.

Aims: To study change over 8 years in cardiovascular risk, achievement of national guideline-based treatment targets of lipids, blood pressure (BP) and smoking in primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD), medication use, and characteristics associated with target achievement among individuals with high CVD risk in a general population.

Methods And Results: We followed 2524 women and men aged 40-79 years with high risk of CVD attending the population-based Tromsø study in 2007-08 (Tromsø6) to their participation in the next survey in 2015-16 (Tromsø7). We used descriptive statistics and regression models to study change in CVD risk and medication use, and characteristics associated with treatment target achievement.

Lifestyle factors as mediators of area-level socio-economic differentials in cardiovascular disease risk factors. The Tromsø Study.

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death and disability and living in areas with low socio-economic status (SES) is associated with increased risk of CVD. Lifestyle factors such as smoking, physical inactivity, an unhealthy diet and harmful alcohol use are main risk factors that contribute to other modifiable risk factors, such as hypertension, raised blood cholesterol, obesity, and diabetes. The potential impact of area-level socio-economic status (ASES) on metabolic CVD risk factors via lifestyle behaviors independent of individual SES has not been investigated previously.

Outcomes after coronary angiography for unstable angina compared to stable angina, myocardial infarction and an asymptomatic general population.

Background: The outcomes of real-world unstable angina (UA) in the high-sensitivity troponin era are unclear. We aimed to investigate the outcomes of UA referred to coronary angiography compared to stable angina (SA), non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), STEMI and a general population.

Methods: We included the 9,694 patients with no prior coronary artery disease (CAD) referred to invasive or CT coronary angiography from 2013 to 2018 in Northern Norway (51% SA, 12% UA, 23% NSTEMI and 14% STEMI), and 11,959 asymptomatic individuals recruited from the Tromsø Study.

Joint effect of myocardial infarction and obesity on the risk of venous thromboembolism: The Tromsø Study.

Background: Myocardial infarction (MI) is associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Obesity is a recognized risk factor for both MI and VTE. Whether obesity further increases the risk of VTE in MI patients is scarcely investigated.

Association between neighborhood health behaviors and body mass index in Northern Norway: evidence from the Tromsø Study.

Aim: The prevalence of overweight and obesity has risen rapidly worldwide, and the ongoing obesity pandemic is one of the most severe public health concerns in modern society. The average body mass index (BMI) of people living in Northern Norway has also steadily increased since the late 1970s. This study aimed to understand how individuals' health behavior is associated with the general health behavior of the people in their neighborhood.

Undiagnosed diabetes based on HbA by socioeconomic status and healthcare consumption in the Tromsø Study 1994-2016.

Introduction: We aimed to investigate whether the proportion of undiagnosed diabetes varies by socioeconomic status and healthcare consumption, in a Norwegian population screened with glycated hemoglobin (HbA).

Research Design And Methods: In this cohort study, we studied age-standardized diabetes prevalence using data from men and women aged 40-89 years participating in four surveys of the Tromsø Study with available data on HbA and self-reported diabetes: 1994-1995 (n=6720), 2001 (n=5831), 2007-2008 (n=11 987), and 2015-2016 (n=20 170). We defined undiagnosed diabetes as HbA ≥6.

Association of glycated hemoglobin A levels with cardiovascular outcomes in the general population: results from the BiomarCaRE (Biomarker for Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in Europe) consortium.

Background: Biomarkers may contribute to improved cardiovascular risk estimation. Glycated hemoglobin A (HbA) is used to monitor the quality of diabetes treatment. Its strength of association with cardiovascular outcomes in the general population remains uncertain.

Low Pain Tolerance Is Associated With Coronary Angiography, Coronary Artery Disease, and Mortality: The Tromsø Study.

Background The initial presentation to coronary angiography and extent of coronary artery disease (CAD) vary greatly among patients, from ischemia with no obstructive CAD to myocardial infarction with 3-vessel disease. Pain tolerance has been suggested as a potential mechanism for the variation in presentation of CAD. We aimed to investigate the association between pain tolerance, coronary angiography, CAD, and death.

Complex lifestyle intervention among inactive older adults with elevated cardiovascular disease risk and obesity: a mixed-method, single-arm feasibility study for RESTART-a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Physical inactivity and obesity are global public health challenges. Older adults are important to target for prevention and management of disease and chronic conditions. However, many individuals struggle with maintaining increased physical activity (PA) and improved diet.

Association of iron deficiency with incident cardiovascular diseases and mortality in the general population.

Aims: Although absolute (AID) and functional iron deficiency (FID) are known risk factors for patients with cardiovascular (CV) disease, their relevance for the general population is unknown. The aim was to assess the association between AID/FID with incident CV disease and mortality in the general population.

Methods And Results: In 12 164 individuals from three European population-based cohorts, AID was defined as ferritin < 100 μg/L or as ferritin < 30 μg/L (severe AID), and FID was defined as ferritin < 100 μg/L or ferritin 100-299 μg/L and transferrin saturation < 20%.

Long-Term Survival, Causes of Death, and Trends in 5-Year Mortality After Intracerebral Hemorrhage: The Tromsø Study.

Background And Purpose: Data on long-term survival after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) are scarce. In a population-based nested case-control study, we compared long-term survival and causes of death within 5 years in 30-day survivors of first-ever ICH and controls, assessed the impact of cardiovascular risk factors on 5-year mortality, and analyzed time trend in 5-year mortality in ICH patients over 2 decades.

Methods: We included 219 participants from the population-based Tromsø Study, who after the baseline participation had a first-ever ICH between 1994 to 2013 and 1095 age- and sex-matched participants without ICH.

Change in cardiovascular risk assessment tool and updated Norwegian guidelines for cardiovascular disease in primary prevention increase the population proportion at risk: the Tromsø Study 2015-2016.

Aims: To compare the population proportion at high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) using the Norwegian NORRISK 1 that predicts 10-year risk of CVD mortality and the Norwegian national guidelines from 2009, with the updated NORRISK 2 that predicts 10-year risk of both fatal and non-fatal risk of CVD and the Norwegian national guidelines from 2017.

Methods: We included participants from the Norwegian population-based Tromsø Study (2015-2016) aged 40-69 years without a history of CVD (n=16 566). The total proportion eligible for intervention was identified by NORRISK 1 and the 2009 guidelines (serum total cholesterol ≥8 mmol/L, systolic blood pressure ≥160 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure ≥100 mm Hg) and NORRISK 2 and the 2017 guidelines (serum total cholesterol ≥7 mmol/L, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol ≥5 mmol/L, systolic blood pressure ≥160 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure ≥100 mm Hg).

Validating Acute Myocardial Infarction Diagnoses in National Health Registers for Use as Endpoint in Research: The Tromsø Study.

Purpose: To assess whether acute myocardial infarction (MI) diagnoses in national health registers are sufficiently correct and complete to replace manual collection of endpoint data for a population-based, epidemiological study.

Patients And Methods: Using the Tromsø Study Cardiovascular Disease Register for 2013-2014 as gold standard, we calculated correctness (defined as positive predictive value (PPV)) and completeness (defined as sensitivity) of MI cases in the Norwegian Myocardial Infarction Register and the Norwegian Patient Register separately and in combination. We calculated the sensitivity and PPV with 95% confidence intervals using the Clopper-Pearson Exact test.

Data from national health registers as endpoints for the Tromsø Study: Correctness and completeness of stroke diagnoses.

Aim: To assess whether stroke diagnoses in national health registers are sufficiently correct and complete to replace manual collection of endpoint data for the Tromsø Study, a population-based epidemiological study.

Method: Using the Tromsø Study Cardiovascular Disease Register for 2013-2014 as the gold standard, we calculated correctness (defined as positive predictive value, PPV) and completeness (defined as sensitivity) of stroke cases in four different data subsets derived from the Norwegian Patient Register and the Norwegian Stroke Register. We calculated the sensitivity and PPV with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) assuming a normal approximation of the binomial distribution.

Alcohol intake and total mortality in 142 960 individuals from the MORGAM Project: a population-based study.

Aim: To test the association of alcohol consumption with total and cause-specific mortality risk.

Design: Prospective observational multi-centre population-based study.

Setting: Sixteen cohorts (15 from Europe) in the MOnica Risk, Genetics, Archiving and Monograph (MORGAM) Project.