[CHANGING OF PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF NON-CONTACT (ELECTROCHEMICAL) ACTIVATED DRINKING WATER IS ASSOCIATED WITH INDUCTION OF GENOMIC INSTABILITY OF CULTIVATED HUMAN BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES].

In the article there are presented data which are the fragment of large multidisciplinary study of genetic safety of non-contact electrochemically activated water (NAW). The aim of this study was the analysis of the relation of impacts of genomic instability (micronucleus test with cytochalasin B) detected in human blood cells, cultured in medias prepared on the base of these NAWs, with physical and chemical properties of these NaWs. In experiments there were used catholytes and anolytes obtained by activation of osmotic, tap and dining bottled water As a result of such activation, all waters were shown to acquire the ability to induce genomic instability in cellular cultures.

[Buccal micronucleus cytome assay in complex genetic-hygienic study of preschool children].

There are presented results of the cytome analysis of epithelium of buccal mucosa in 167 children aged of 5-7 years, permanently residing in the city of Magnitogorsk and visiting municipal kindergartens. Frequencies of the main indices of genotoxic and toxic effects were: cells with micronuclei - 0.29±0.

[Chrysotile-asbestos induces cytogenetic effects in the rat's mesothelium in vitro and in vivo].

Under cultivation of rat peritoneal mesothelial cells in vitro in them there are appeared signs of the genomic instability, evidencing their transformation: increasing of the number of both binucleated cells with micronuclei and polynuclear cells and the increase of sizes and polymorphism. Asbestos greatly accelerates this process. Asbestos-induced carcinogenesis in vivo is accompanied in pleural mesothelium in the rats there also revealed with similar signs of genomic instability and cellular transformation.

[The effect of treatment of chrysotile with chloride iron (III) on the effect of genomic instability in cultured human lymphocytes].

All forms of asbestos are carcinogenic to humans, that caused the prohibition of its use in Europe, America, etc. However, the unique physical and chemical properties of asbestos and many opportunities for its applications in various industries and human activities require the creation of new technologies to. Analysis of genomic instability in human lymphocytes in a large range of doses (micronucleus test with cytochalasin B showed a decline of core indicators of genome instability (frequency of dividing cells with cytogenetic damage, asymmetry in the distribution of the genetic material in mitosis, proliferative activity) incubation of cells with asbestos modified chloride iron, as compared to the initial sample.

[Harmonization with international approaches to guidance documents on methods of assessment of the mutagenic properties of chemical environmental factors].

Evaluation of mutagenic activity--an indispensable element of the toxicological characteristics of chemicals in their hygienic regulation. In the article there is performed an analysis of the adopted in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and in Russia guidance documents on methods of assessment of the mutagenic properties of chemicals. In the OECD there are 17 manuals, each of which describes a single method, in Russia there were approved five guidance documents for specific groups of chemicals (drugs, pesticides, nanomaterials, substances normalized in the water and the air), which represent the basic and auxiliary methods of testing mutagens.

[Carcinogenic and mutagenic activity of chrysotile, processed with iron chloride (III)].

This work is devoted to the study of the role of iron ions in the carcinogenic and mutagenic activity of chrysotile. For this aim natural chrysotile was treated with ferric chloride (III), washed, crushed and intratracheally introduced into Wistar rats. When administered to rats intact chrysotile induced mesotheliomas in 27,9 + 4,6% of cases, and chrysotile modified with ferric chloride - in 1,3 +/- 1,3%.

[Factors of anxiety and autonomic tonus in senior preschool children from Magnitogorsk].

In the paper there are presented the results of a study of anxiety and balance ofparts of autonomous nervous system in healthy children 5-7 years old, residing in different parts of Magnitogorsk. It is shown that state of heightened and high alert was shown to be more common among children living on the left bank of the Urals river around the Magnitogorsk Metallurgical Integrated Plant. In these children an imbalance in the work of the parts of the autonomic nervous system was detected more frequently, at that shifts were observed mainly in the direction to ergotropic tone.

[Instability and sensitivity of the genome of healthy children in Magnitogorsk].

Problem of the influence of factors of the industrial city on the hereditary apparatus of its residents has not been fully resolved, because of traditionally in such studies only the pollution of environment components is taken into account. However the existence of a set of contributing socialfactors that modify the genotoxic effects ofpollution, requires the creation of a new methodology for genetic and toxicological studies. For this purpose, in Magnitogorsk, where one of Russia's largest steel plants is located, we conducted a comprehensive survey, whose tasks included the analysis of the influence of the complex of exogenous and endogenous factors on the genome of children.

[To a question on the impact of nanoparticles of metals present in the aquatic environment, on bacteria and continuous cell lines HEp-2 and BGM].

Promising application of nanoparticles and nanomaterials is the creation of sanitary hygienic means of new generation used for disinfection of water and indoor surfaces of mass use, furniture, sanitary technical equipment by virtue of modifying traditional materials to bring them effective biocidal properties, and for the development of methods in vitro for assessment their toxicity In this paper the possibility of the use various forms of silver, copper and aluminum as disinfectant for bacterial test organisms in the aquatic environment and assess their toxicity on biological models of continuous culture of BGM cells (a stable line of African green monkey kidney cells) and HEp-2 (Human epithelial type 2 (HEp-2) cells, derived from a human laryngeal carcinoma) is considered.

[Detection of potentially carcinogenic compounds persisting in atmospheric air and having high priority for hygienic regulation].

The algorithm for the choice of potentially carcinogenic compounds (PCS) among emitted into air and results of the study, undertaken for realization of this algorithm are presented. The investigation was carried out in Magnitogorsk - Russian town of black metallurgy - in frames of the other study, aimed to evaluation of the influence of atmospheric pollution on children's health and genomic instability. The 11 PCS for further profound study of biological activity were selected out of more than 300 PCS, persisting in the air.

[Effect of titanium dioxide nano- and microparticles on the values of the micronucleus test using human blood lymphocytes in culture].

The activity of the nano- and microparticles of titanium dioxide (TD) given in doses of 1.6, 40.0, and 500 microg/ml was studied in the cytochalasin B block micronucleus test with blood cells from two donors.

[Taking into account the emotional tension of adults and children in the evaluation of the influence of environmental factors on genomic instability and sensitivity: results and prospects].

The paper summarizes the results of 8 genetic and psychological examinations in adults and children, which are aimed at evaluating the genotoxic effects of environmental factors on cultured lymphocytes. Human emotional tension was proved to be directly related to the level of genome damage, to genomic sensitivity to in vitro exposures, and to lymphocyte proliferative activity and to be inversely related to the level of apoptosis. There was an association of the degree of anxiety in children with their morbidity.

[Role of repair gene polymorphism in estimating the sensitivity of human genome to radon in concentrations exceeding maximum permissible level].

The paper gives the results of investigating chromosome aberrations in human peripheral blood lymphocytes due to DNA repair genes, such as hOGG1, ADPRT, APE1, XRCC1, XpG, XpC, XpD, and NBS1, upon long-term exposure to excess indoor radon concentrations. The frequency of chromosome aberrations was found to be significantly lower in the carriers of the genotype hOGG1 326 Ser/Ser (versus the variant Ser/Cys), APE1 148 Asp/Asp (versus Val/Ala and Ala/Ala). The study polymorphic systems were shown to be of value in giving rise to individual types of chromosome aberrations (single fragments and chromosome exchanges).

[Morbidity among senior preschool children in Magnitogorsk].

The publication is the third fragment of the multiparameter study. The level and causes of genome instability and sensitivity are assessed in children living in Magnitogorsk, a city with one of the largest mills in Russia. The city is in the list of the world's 35 most polluted ones.

[Evaluation of epidemic risk from pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria isolated from water of its various use types].

The investigation was concerned with wild gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms (E. coli spp., Klebsiella spp.

[Hygienic evaluation of the total mutagenic activity of snow samples from Magnitogorsk].

The paper gives the results of 4-year monitoring of the total mutagenic activity of snow samples from different Magnitogork areas in a test for induction of dominant lethal mutations (DLM) in the gametes of Drosophila melanogaster. An association was first found between the rate of DLM and the content of some chemical compounds in the ambient air and snow samples; moreover all the substances present in the samples, which had found genotoxic effects, showed a positive correlation with the rate of DLM. Furthermore, direct correlations were first established between the rate of DLM and the air pollution index and morbidity rates in 5-7-year-old children residing in the areas under study.

[Estimation of adaptive capacities in Magnitogorsk children from the activity of some detoxification enzymes].

The paper provides the first fragment of a multiparameter study analyzing the influence of environmental pollution, the social and psychological features of a family, and some endogenous factors on genome stability and sensitivity in a developed ferrous metallurgy town. It also gives data on the urine and serum activity of the lysosomal enzyme N-acetyl-b-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) and the serum activity of catalase in an organized contingent of apparently healthy children (n = 178; 6 kindergartens) aged 5-7 years, who live permanently in Magnitogorsk at different distances from the metallurgical works. More than 70% of children selected for examination were found to have average normal levels of activity of the enzymes studied.

[Toxic and genetic risk assessments in children of Gornaya Shoria].

This comprehensive study assessed a number of environmental factors that were potentially able to induce genotoxic effects in man. A set of radiological, physicochemical, and bioindication techniques was used to estimate the quality of water, air, and soil in the places of residence and education of children and adolescents from the boarding school of the town of Tashtagol and schoolchildren from the village of Krasnoye, Kemerovo Region. Excess radon levels in the air of living spaces and classes, a small excess of the maximum allowable concentration of gross forms of heavy metals in individual soil samples, and high toxic effects in the Drosophila gametes exposed to air samples were revealed in the Tashtagol children having higher genotoxic effects in the lymphocyte than those in the Krasnoye village ones.

[Use of micronuclear test to assess drinking waters].

The effect of drinking waters with their altered structure and charge state (a total of 9 samples) on the epitheliocytes of the proventriculus, liver, and kidney was studied in rats after 6- and 12-month water consumption. It was found that in the absence of changes in the animals' morphofunctional status, the degree of water structuredness was associated with the frequency of epitheliocytes with nuclear protrusion into the proventricular mucosa following 6-month water consumption and with the manifestations of adipose degeneration, hepatocytic alterations, and stromal overgrowth into the liver after 12-month water use. The biological implication of little studied (additional) types of anomalies of the proventricular epitheliocytic nucleus: the necrotic nature of a perinuclear vacuole, the predominant implication of nuclear pyknosis and rrhexis to apoptosis and the association of binucleated patterns with the restorative proliferation of hepatic and renal tissues, was specified.

Evaluation of the toxicological properties of ground- and surface-water samples from the Aral Sea Basin.

In order to determine whether there is a potential health risk associated with the water supply in the Aral Sea Basin, ground- and surface-water samples were collected in and around Aralsk and from the Aral Sea in 2002. Water samples from Akchi, a small town close to Almaty, served as controls. Bioassays with different toxicological endpoints were employed to assess the general toxicological status.

[Proliferative activity parameters and their correlation with genetic damage of blood lymphocytes during cultivation under the conditions of cytokinetic block].

The subjects of the study were 15 volunteers aged 22 to 25 years, who underwent 25 air ionization sessions. The effects of genome instability were evaluated, and correlations between indicators of genome damage (lesions of micronuclei and nucleoplasmatic bridges) and parameters of proliferative and replicative activity (mitotic index, proliferative pool, the fraction of rapidly dividing cells, and replication index) of blood lymphocytes in the culture were studied. In order to establish the associations between the parameters, the parallel cultures were exposed to 0.

[Hygienic evaluation of genotoxic effects during artificial air ionization].

The study examined the potential genotoxic activity and the impact of artificial air ionization on lifespan. Experiments on Drosophila melanogaster demonstrated that exposure of the lung to negative (5 x 10(4), 5 x 10(5), and 10(6) ion/cm3) and slight positive (5 x 10(4), 5 x 10(5), and 10(6) ion/cm3) airoions generated on the electrodes at direct-current voltage failed to increase the frequency of dominant lethal mutations in the gametes and to affect the life-span of male flies. Exposure of the flies to deionized air increased the rate of early embryonic lethal mutations.

The Aral Sea disaster--human biomonitoring of Hg, As, HCB, DDE, and PCBs in children living in Aralsk-and Akchi, Kazakhstan.

Mercury and arsenic have been measured in urine samples and HCB, DDE and PCBs in blood samples of children from Aralsk and Akchi, Kazakhstan. Due to the special situation of Aralsk in the desert left by the drying out Aral Sea, environmental pollution with heavy metals and organic contaminants is believed to be higher than elsewhere in Kazakhstan. Aralsk was formerly located at the shore of the Aral Sea and is now far away from it.