Corrigendum to "Utilisation Trend of Long-Acting Insulin Analogues including Biosimilars across Europe: Findings and Implications".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2021/9996193.].

Utilisation Trend of Long-Acting Insulin Analogues including Biosimilars across Europe: Findings and Implications.

Background: Diabetes mellitus rates and associated costs continue to rise across Europe enhancing health authority focus on its management. The risk of complications is enhanced by poor glycaemic control, with long-acting insulin analogues developed to reduce hypoglycaemia and improve patient convenience. There are concerns though with their considerably higher costs, but moderated by reductions in complications and associated costs.

Apixaban used for the management of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in a 72-year-old woman with lung cancer.

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a serious adverse reaction to heparin treatment with a high risk of thrombosis. Heparin must be discontinued immediately and replaced with alternative anticoagulants that do not interact with HIT antibodies. In this case, a lung cancer patient, diagnosed with HIT was successfully treated with apixaban.

R-CHOEP-14 improves overall survival in young high-risk patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma compared with R-CHOP-14. A population-based investigation from the Danish Lymphoma Group.

Background: Optimal treatment of young patients with high-risk diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) remains a matter of debate and requires improvement. The combination chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone (CHOP) with addition of etoposide (CHOEP) has in other patient groups been shown to be effective. Further improvement has been accomplished with the use of rituximab in combination with the regimens every 2 weeks (R-CHOP-14, R-CHOEP-14).

Double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study of chlorhexidine prophylaxis for 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis with nonblinded randomized comparison to oral cooling (cryotherapy) in gastrointestinal malignancies.

Background: The purpose was to evaluate prevention of oral mucositis (OM) using chlorhexidine compared with placebo and with oral cooling (cryotherapy) during fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy in gastrointestinal (GI) cancer.

Methods: Patients with previously untreated GI cancer receiving bolus 5-FU/leucovorin chemotherapy were randomized to chlorhexidine mouthrinse 3 times a day for 3 weeks (Arm A), double-blind placebo (normal saline) with the same dose and frequency (Arm B), or cryotherapy with crushed ice 45 minutes during chemotherapy (Arm C). Patients self-reported on severity (CTC-grading) and duration of OM.

Analysis of c-ErbB1/epidermal growth factor receptor and c-ErbB2/HER-2 expression in bronchial dysplasia: evaluation of potential targets for chemoprevention of lung cancer.

Purpose: Lung cancer is preceded by a premalignant phase during which intervention could decrease associated morbidity and mortality. Molecular characterization of factors involved in controlling progression of bronchial dysplasias will provide markers of premalignant change and identify targets for chemoprevention.

Experimental Design: Immunohistochemical analysis of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR; c-ErbB1/EGFR), HER-2/neu (c-ErbB2/HER-2), Ki-67, and minichromosome maintenance protein 2 (MCM2) expression in bronchial dysplasia was undertaken to characterize molecular alterations associated with the progression of these lesions in 268 bronchoscopically obtained biopsies from 134 subjects.

Superiority of high-dose platinum (cisplatin and carboplatin) compared to carboplatin alone in combination chemotherapy for small-cell lung carcinoma: a prospective randomised trial of 280 consecutive patients.

Purpose: A prospective randomized trial in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) was performed to determine if intensification of the platinum dose by giving cisplatin and carboplatin in combination to patients with SCLC yields higher response rates and survival, than carboplatin alone in a combination chemotherapy regimen.

Patients And Methods: Between September 1992 and October 1997, 280 patients were included in a two armed prospective randomized trial, stratified by stage of disease, LDH and performance status. The treatment was in arm A: three courses induction chemotherapy with carboplatin (AUC = 4, day 1), cisplatin (35 mg/m2, days 2 and 3), teniposide (50 mg/m2, day 1-5), vincristine (1.

Cobalamin binding proteins in patients with HIV infection.

P-Cobalamins have been reported to be decreased in patients with HIV infection. Because of this, we found it of interest to examine both cobalamin-saturated binding proteins (holo-transcobalamin, holo-TC and holo-haptocorrin, holo-HC) and cobalamin unsaturated binding proteins (apo-transcobalamin, apo-TC and apo-haptocorrin, apo-HC). The results are given as range and (median).

[The risk of ornithosis among the staff of Copenhagen Zoo].

Because a keeper in Copenhagen ZOO had developed ornithosis, clinical and serological examination of the staff of the ZOO was instituted. The object was to demonstrate any possible threatening epidemic and also to demonstrate if the staff of the ZOO were particularly exposed to the risk of ornithosis. Neither of these could be confirmed.

Serum thymidine kinase--a marker of bone marrow toxicity during treatment with zidovudine.

Serum thymidine kinase (S-TK) was measured weekly in 16 randomly selected patients with AIDS or AIDS-related complex (ARC; Centers for Disease Control group IV A or group IV C-2) who participated in a controlled study of the efficacy of zidovudine therapy. S-TK increased significantly (P less than 0.01) in the zidovudine group, whereas it remained stable in the placebo (control) group.

Plasma histidine-rich glycoprotein and plasminogen in patients with liver disease.

Histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) has been reported to be a fibrinolysis regulating protein due to its capacity to bind to the high affinity lysine binding sites of plasminogen. Using immunological methods we have measured the concentrations in plasma of HRG and total plasminogen and calculated the amounts of plasminogen not bound to HRG (free plasminogen) in 28 patients with moderate to severe liver disease. All three parametres showed wide individual variations, but with decreasing functional capacity of the liver the individual levels of plasminogen were reduced earlier than those of HRG leading to decreased amounts of free plasminogen.

Platelet aggregation and release of ATP in patients with hepatic cirrhosis.

The purpose of this study was to assess the platelet aggregation and releasable platelet ATP in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis (n = 10) and primary biliary cirrhosis (n = 10). In patients with liver disease a significant decrease was found in both adenosine diphosphate-induced aggregation (P less than 0.01) and collagen-induced aggregation (P less than 0.

Decreased blood platelet volume and count in patients with liver disease.

Mean platelet volume (MPV) and count (PLT) were assessed in patients with moderately affected liver function. PLT was significantly decreased in patients with liver disease (197 X 10(9)l-1 +/- 87 (SD), no. = 79) compared with that of controls (273 X 10(9)l-1 +/- 53 (SD), no.

Antithrombin III and platelets during the normal menstrual cycle and in women receiving oral contraceptives low in oestrogen.

Determinations of platelet number and concentration of antithrombin III (AT-III) were made in samples of plasma collected during one normal or hormone-simulated cycle in 14 young, normal women and in 11 women using an oral contraceptive low in oestrogen. Distinct, individual levels caused the variation of both parameters to be greater within the group than individually. Despite a few exceptions, a slight but statistically significant increase in the platelet number and AT-III level occurred around midcycle in the normal group.

Prediction of spleen size by routine radioisotope scintigraphy.

Technetium-99m scintigraphy of the spleen was performed in 32 patients with various haematologic disorders prior to splenectomy. From the gamma camera image of the spleen, the weight of the spleen was estimated using two different mathematical formulas, and the results obtained were compared to the postoperative spleen weight. Both formulas revealed spleen weights showing highly significant correlations to the postoperative spleen weight and with similar standard deviations.

Variable interpretation of liver scintigraphy in malignancy as an aid in clinical decision-making.

Despite technical progress in liver radioisotope scintigraphy, the overall accuracy in detecting metastases has not improved. It has been suggested that a fixed scintigram interpretation in reply to changing clinical problems is partly responsible. An evaluation of the possibilities of improving the clinical value of the test by using six cutoff levels in the scintigraphic interpretation is presented.

Bone mineral content in myelomatosis.

Bone mineral content (BMC) was determined by photon absorptiometry on both forearms in 28 patients with myelomatosis. Nineteen patients had received intermittent treatment with cytostatic agents and prednisone. No significant reduction of BMC was found between the patients with myelomatosis and an age- and sex-matched normal population.