Gender Differences in Adolescents' Body Complaints in Eight Countries: What Do Culture and Parents Have to Do with It?

Objective: Although medically unexplained body complaints occur relatively frequently in adolescents, the causes are little-researched. This study examines the influence of cultural and family-related factors on somatic complaints.

Methods And Measures: In a cross-cultural and cross-sectional study of 2415 adolescents from eight countries (Argentina, France, Germany, Greece, Pakistan, Peru, Poland, and Turkey), the associations of family variables with body complaints were tested and the cultural impact analyzed.

How personality factors, coping with identity-stress, and parental rearing styles contribute to the expression of somatic complaints in emerging adults in seven countries.

Objective: Somatic complaints are frequently named by emerging adults in many countries, but psychological factors contributing to the high level of these often medically unexplained symptoms have received little attention. This study examines the influence of shared risk factors on somatic complaints in a culturally diverse sample.

Methods And Measures: In a cross-cultural survey study of 2,113 emerging adults (mean age = 22.

[Associations between Personality Structure, Psychodynamic Conflicts and Defense Styles in Adolescents with Mental Health Problems].

Objectives: An exploration of the interrelationships between central psychodynamic constructs in adolescents with mental health problems was conducted.

Methods: 230 adolescents (Mage=18.0±1.

Operationalized Psychodynamic Diagnostic of Adolescents in Light of the New ICD-11 Model of Personality Functioning: Personality Structure, Psychodynamic Conflicts, and Mental Health Problems.

The International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 11th Revision introduced a fully dimensional approach to personality disorders which conceptionally converges with the long-standing psychodynamic understanding of psychopathology through underlying intra- and interpersonal impairments. In this study, the diagnostic contributions of the two psychodynamic concepts of personality structure and psychodynamic conflicts were investigated through the comparison of self-report data of 189 adolescents with mental health problems and 321 mentally healthy controls. The study results reveal that adolescents with mental health problems show significantly higher impairments in all four domains of personality structure and significantly higher levels of several psychodynamic conflicts.

Effectiveness of psychodynamic treatment: Comparing trajectories of internalizing and externalizing psychopathology of adolescents in treatment, healthy and physically ill adolescents.

Effectiveness of psychodynamic therapy for adolescents in reducing internalizing and externalizing psychopathology was determined by comparing treated adolescents (86 sessions) with the normative developmental progression in two groups without treatment: healthy and diabetic adolescents. In a three-wave longitudinal study, = 531 adolescents ( = 303 patients, = 119 healthy, = 109 diabetics) and their mothers filled out psychopathology questionnaires (Youth Self-Report and Child Behavior Checklist). Latent growth curve modeling and multilevel modeling were used to analyze and compare within-person symptoms changes across groups.

[Diagnostic work with the conflict axis of the OPD-CA: Empirical results on inpatients and outpatients].

Diagnostic work with the conflict axis of the OPD-CA: Empirical results on inpatients and outpatients In recent years, the Operationalized Psychodynamic Diagnostics (OPD-CA) is increasingly being used in child and adolescent psychiatry and psychotherapy. This article presents the conflict axis of the OPD-CA, which contains an operationalization of seven psychodynamic conflicts and the processing modes assigned to them. It describes empirical comparisons of the conflict axis ratings and the structure rating in a group of outpatient and inpatient children and adolescents (total = 186, 12.

[Psychodynamic conflicts: Development of a questionnaire for the assessment by patients and their therapists].

Psychodynamic conflicts: Development of a questionnaire for the assessment by patients and their therapists The OPD-CA conflict questionnaire represents a means of recording modes of coping with unconscious conflicts according to the Operationalized Psychodynamic Diagnostics (OPD-CA) for patients and their therapists. To select the items for the conflict questionnaire, we combined the expert ratings and psychometric quality criteria using a sample of 427 adolescents (53.6 % patients) and 44 therapists.

[Changes in the Level of Conflict through Psychodynamic Psychotherapy: The Perspective of Adolescent Patients and their Therapists].

Changes in the level of structure and conflict are, in addition to alleviating of symptoms, central goals of psychodynamic therapies. This study examines this question with a focus on intrapsychic development-impairing conflicts in the sense of the OPD-CA on a sample of 121 adolescents and their 46 therapists. At the beginning, in the middle and at the end of the M = 73.

[Quality measurement in psychodynamic psychotherapy: Diagnosis-specific courses, the influence of different informants, and their view of moderators of change].

Quality measurement in psychodynamic psychotherapy: Diagnosis-specific courses, the influence of different informants, and their view of moderators of change This study uses a naturalistic design to assess the course and effectiveness of long-term psychodynamic therapies from the perspective of adolescent patients and their mothers. It looks at the context of different moderators of change, including the characteristics of the patient, the therapist, and the therapy. Assessments of the internalizing, externalizing, and overall symptom burden using the Youth Self Report (YSR) and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) were collected on 161 patients and their mothers at three timepoints - the beginning, middle, and end of therapy.

[Associations Between Personality Structure, Unconscious Conflicts, and Defense Styles in Adolescence].

According to the Operationalized Psychodynamic Diagnosis in Childhood and Adolescence, associations between personality structure, unconscious conflicts, and defense styles are postulated. So far, an empirical investigation of these associations in mentally healthy adolescents is missing. The present study aims to contribute to the understanding of unconscious conflicts as well as the unconscious defense of conflicts by elucidating intrapersonal factors within a normative sample.

Adolescents' somatic complaints in eight countries: what influence do parental rearing styles have?

Medically unexplained physical symptoms are frequently named by adolescents in both clinical and normative samples. This study analyzed the associations between parental rearing styles and adolescents' body complaints in diverse cultural contexts. In a cross-cultural study of 2415 adolescents from eight countries (Argentina, France, Germany, Greece, Pakistan, Peru, Poland, and Turkey), the associations of maternal and paternal support, psychological control, and an anxious parental monitoring style with youth body complaints were tested.

[Is sexual activity during adolescence good for future romantic relationships?].

The study examines the effects of different forms of sexual activity at the age of 16 on sexuality and the quality of romantic relationships at the age of 23. In a multimodal longitudinal study (diaries, questionnaires), 144 16-year-old adolescents (59.7 % female) reported on their sexual activities and their relationship status.

[What Causes Future-Related Stress in Immigrant and German Adolescents and how do they Cope with these Stressors?].

In the present study, the stress perception and coping of German and immigrant adolescents with regard to future stress were compared. The 1,789 adolescents (164 immigrated, 1,625 German adolescents) at the age of fifteen completed questionnaires on the assessment of stress and coping with regard to future stress. Immigrated youth show a higher stress burden in the domain future than German adolescents.

Patterns of Romantic Pathways among 23 Year Olds and their Adolescent Antecedents.

Observation of the romantic lives of the majority of young people shows that they might move between transitory and inconsistent states, being in and out of a relationship. The present study aims to better understand the meaning of these fluctuations. For this purpose, and employing a multi-method design, 144 Israeli adolescents (59.

[Changes in the scales "attachment" and "control" of the OPD-KJ "structure" axis for inpatients of a pediatric and adolescent psychiatric clinic].

Changes in the scales "attachment" and "control" of the OPD-KJ "structure" axis for inpatients of a pediatric and adolescent psychiatric clinic Abstracts: Despite the great importance of structural deficits in adolescent patients, studies on changes that occur in the course of their inpatient psychiatric treatment are lacking. This study assesses the effectiveness of inpatient psychodynamic psychotherapy, the scales "attachment" and "control" of the "structure" axis of Operationalized Psychodynamic Diagnostics in Childhood and Adolescence (OPD-KJ). The study was carried out by dual case leaders (psychotherapist and pedagogue/nurse) on 75 patients (12-18 years) at the beginning and at end of 8 weeks of therapy.

[Psychopathology in adolescents from seven countries: What role does controlling identity development and family relationships play?].

Psychopathology in adolescents from seven countries: What role does controlling identity development and family relationships play? This study analyzed the unique effects of gender and culture on psychopathology in adolescents from seven countries, after controlling for factors that might have contributed to variations in psychopathology. In a sample of 2259 adolescents ( = 15 years; 54 % female) from France, Germany, Turkey, Greece, Peru, Pakistan, and Poland, we assessed identity development, maternal parenting (support, psychological control, anxious rearing), and psychopathology (internalizing, externalizing). Using an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), we analyzed country, sex, age, and the interaction country x sex as independent variables, while controlling for maternal rearing dimensions and identity development as covariates.

[Identity Development, Family Relations, and Symptomatology in Adolescents from Seven Countries].

Identity Development, Family Relations, and Symptomatology in Adolescents from Seven Countries This study analyzed identity development and parental rearing in adolescents from seven countries. In a sample of 2,259 adolescents (M = 15 years; 54 % female) from France, Germany, Turkey, Greece, Peru, Pakistan, and Poland, maternal parenting (support, psychological control, anxious rearing), identity development (exploration, commitment and ruminative exploration) and psychopathology was assessed. Adolescents from central Europe (France and Germany) were characterized by quite low scores in most identity dimensions, compared to adolescents from all other countries.

The Association Between Parental Rearing Dimensions and Adolescent Psychopathology: A Cross-Cultural Study.

Research on parental rearing dimensions faced ethnocentric criticism for mainly focusing on adolescents in Western industrialized countries. Over the past decade, the phenomenon of anxious parenting, so called "helicopter parenting", gained attention in popular media as well as scholarly publications in addition to support and psychological control. Whether these parenting dimensions, which were associated with different health outcomes in adolescents, were only occurring in the Western world or are visible cross-culturally, has not been sufficiently studied.

[What is "normal"? Maternal parenting behavior as risk and protective factor for psychopathology and identity diffusion].

Unlabelled: What is "normal"? Maternal parenting behavior as risk and protective factor for psychopathology and identity diffusion Objectives: This study analyzes the implications of today's highly altered maternal parenting behaviors on children's development and psychological health.

Methods: The relationship between maternal parenting behaviors (support, psychological control, and anxious monitoring) and delayed identity development or identity diffusion as well as internalizing or externalizing symptomatology was investigated in a sample of 732 youths (301 adolescents, 351 young adults, and 80 patients). Cluster analysis identified two types of maternal parenting behaviors: authoritative maternal behavior and dysfunctionalmaternal behavior.

Adolescent psychopathology in times of change: Introduction to the special issue.

The aim of this special issue is to understand better the many changes in adolescent psychopathology have taken place over the last decades. The factors associated with adjustment problems and psychopathology in adolescence today are not necessarily the same as the factors that predicted problems and psychopathology in the past. But the basic strategies for connecting negative experiences with adolescent psychopathology remain as important today as they were for understanding adolescent psychopathology decades ago.

[Impact of Different Types of Fathers on Family Climate in Young Adulthood: A Multi-perspective Longitudinal Study on 14 to 27 Year Olds and their Fathers].

Impact of Different Types of Fathers on Family Climate in Young Adulthood: A Multi-perspective Longitudinal Study on 14 to 27 Year Olds and their Fathers In a 13 year longitudinal study, the influence of three types of fathers on the family climate was analyzed. In a sample of 213 subjects, their 169 fathers and their 210 mothers, the family environment ( Family Environment Scales) was examined when the subjects were young adults (M = 26.89, SD = 1.

Culture beats gender? The importance of controlling for identity- and parenting-related risk factors in adolescent psychopathology.

This study analyzed the unique effects of gender and culture on psychopathology in adolescents from seven countries after controlling for factors which might have contributed to variations in psychopathology. In a sample 2259 adolescents (M = 15 years; 54% female) from France, Germany, Turkey, Greece, Peru, Pakistan, and Poland identity stress, coping with identity stress, maternal parenting (support, psychological control, anxious rearing) and psychopathology (internalizing, externalizing and total symptomatology) were assessed. Due to variations in stress perception, coping style and maternal behavior, these covariates were partialed out before the psychopathology scores were subjected to analyses of variance with gender and country as factors.