Critical oxygen delivery threshold during cardiopulmonary bypass in older cardiac surgery patients with increased frailty risk.

Objectives: Older patients have a higher cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CSA-AKI) related mortality. Low oxygen delivery (DO2) during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is a risk factor for CSA-AKI, but critical DO2 thresholds for older patients are unknown. This study investigated critical DO2 thresholds for CSA-AKI in patients ≥70 years undergoing on-pump cardiac surgery.

Lung Transplant Patients Show a Dissimilar Peripheral B-Cell Subset Ratio Compared With Healthy Controls.

Objectives: Lung transplant is a last treatment option for patients with end-stage pulmonary disease. Chronic lung allograft dysfunction, which generally manifests as bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome, is a major long-term survival limitation. Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome is diagnosed when forced expiratory volume in 1 second declines > 20% in the absence of known causes.

Siglec-1 inhibits RSV-induced interferon gamma production by adult T cells in contrast to newborn T cells.

Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) plays an important role in the antiviral immune response during respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections. Monocytes and T cells are recruited to the site of RSV infection, but it is unclear whether cell-cell interactions between monocytes and T cells regulate IFN-γ production. In this study, micro-array data identified the upregulation of sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectin 1 (Siglec-1) in human RSV-infected infants.

Antibodies enhance CXCL10 production during RSV infection of infant and adult immune cells.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis is a major burden in infants below three months of age, when the primary immune response is mainly dependent on innate immunity and maternal antibodies. We investigated the influence of antibodies on innate immunity during RSV infection. PBMCs from infants and adults were stimulated with live RSV and inactivated RSV in combination with antibody-containing and antibody-depleted serum.

Crosstalk between dendritic cell subsets and implications for dendritic cell-based anticancer immunotherapy.

Dendritic cells (DCs) are a family of professional antigen-presenting cells that have an indispensable role in the initiation of innate and adaptive immune responses against pathogens and tumor cells. The DC family is very heterogeneous. Two main types of naturally occurring DCs circulate in peripheral blood, each with its unique phenotypic and functional characteristics: myeloid DCs and plasmacytoid.

IVF culture medium affects post-natal weight in humans during the first 2 years of life.

Study Question: Is post-natal growth during the first 2 years of life in IVF singletons affected by type of medium used for culturing human embryos during an IVF treatment?

Summary Answer: The in vitro culture of human embryos in medium from Cook resulted in singletons with a lower weight during the first 2 years of life compared with singletons born after embryo culture in medium from Vitrolife.

What Is Known Already: In a previous study, we reported that type of medium used for culturing human IVF embryos during the first few days after fertilization until fresh embryo transfer significantly affects fetal growth and consequently birthweight of the resulting singletons.

Study Design, Size, Duration: From July 2003 to December 2006, a total of 1432 IVF treatment cycles with fresh embryo transfer were randomly allocated to have all embryos cultured in medium from Vitrolife AB (n = 715) or from Cook (n = 717).

Effect of in vitro culture of human embryos on birthweight of newborns.

Background: In animal models, in vitro culture of preimplantation embryos has been shown to be a risk factor for abnormal fetal outcome, including high and low birthweight. In the human, mean birthweight of singletons after in vitro fertilization (IVF) is considerably lower than after natural conception, but it is not known whether culture conditions play a role in this.

Methods: We compared pregnancy rates and perinatal outcomes from singleton pregnancies resulting from a total of 826 first IVF treatment cycles in which oocytes and embryos were randomly allocated to culture in either of two commercially available sequential media systems.