The Servant Leadership Survey: Development and Validation of a Multidimensional Measure.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this paper is to describe the development and validation of a multi-dimensional instrument to measure servant leadership. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: Based on an extensive literature review and expert judgment, 99 items were formulated. In three steps, using eight samples totaling 1571 persons from The Netherlands and the UK with a diverse occupational background, a combined exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis approach was used.

Congenital aural atresia in 18q deletion or de Grouchy syndrome.

Objective: To study the occurrence of congenital aural atresia in patients with a deletion of the long arm of chromosome 18 (18q- deletion or de Grouchy syndrome).

Study Design And Patients: This retrospective study presents an overview of the otologic findings in 33 Dutch and Belgian patients with a deletion of 18q.

Materials And Methods: Detailed information on otorhinolaryngological findings was obtained from otorhinolaryngologists and audiologic centers.

Definition of a critical region on chromosome 18 for congenital aural atresia by arrayCGH.

Deletions of the long arm of chromosome 18 occur in approximately 1 in 10,000 live births. Congenital aural atresia (CAA), or narrow external auditory canals, occurs in approximately 66% of all patients who have a terminal deletion 18q. The present report describes a series of 20 patients with CAA, of whom 18 had microscopically visible 18q deletions.