Genome Announcement: Draft Genome Assembly of Generated Using Long-Read Sequencing.

The hop cyst nematode, , is the most common plant-parasitic nematode associated with hop worldwide. This study reports the draft genome of generated on the PacBio Sequel IIe System with the ultra-low DNA input HiFi sequencing method, and the corresponding genome annotation. This genome resource will help further studies on and other cyst nematodes.

Differential induction of defense genes in hexaploid wheat roots by the plant-parasitic nematodes Pratylenchus neglectus and P. thornei.

Pratylenchus neglectus and P. thornei are among the most destructive root lesion nematodes of wheat in the Pacific Northwest, United States of America and throughout the world. The aim of this study was to determine whether both nematode species were similar in their ability to induce defense genes in roots of wheat genotype Scarlet, and whether a combination of both species induced a different pattern of gene induction than each species alone.

First report of on hemp () in Oregon.

Hemp is a crop that has gained interest in Washington and Oregon. As with other crops, hemp production faces challenges due to biotic factors, including plant-parasitic nematodes. During a survey for plant-parasitic nematodes associated with hemp, sp.

NILR1 perceives a nematode ascaroside triggering immune signaling and resistance.

Plants use pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to perceive conserved molecular patterns derived from pathogens and pests, thereby activating a sequential set of rapid cellular immune responses, including activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and Ca-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs), transcriptional reprogramming (particularly the induction of defense-related genes), ion fluxes, and production of reactive oxygen species. Plant PRRs belong to the multi-membered protein families of receptor-like kinases (RLKs) or receptor-like proteins (RLPs). RLKs consist of a ligand-binding ectodomain, a single-pass transmembrane domain, and an intracellular kinase domain, while RLPs possess the same functional domains, except for the intracellular kinase domain.

Selective control of parasitic nematodes using bioactivated nematicides.

Parasitic nematodes are a major threat to global food security, particularly as the world amasses 10 billion people amid limited arable land. Most traditional nematicides have been banned owing to poor nematode selectivity, leaving farmers with inadequate means of pest control. Here we use the model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans to identify a family of selective imidazothiazole nematicides, called selectivins, that undergo cytochrome-p450-mediated bioactivation in nematodes.

The Hop Cyst Nematode, : History, Distribution, and Impact on Global Hop Production.

(commonly known as hop) is an herbaceous plant that is used in brewing throughout the world. Hop cones are an essential ingredient in the production of beer, which makes hops of critical importance to global craft beverage industries. The hop cyst nematode, , is a plant-parasitic nematode with the potential to substantially limit yields of hop.

Egg-laying and locomotory screens with C. elegans yield a nematode-selective small molecule stimulator of neurotransmitter release.

Nematode parasites of humans, livestock and crops dramatically impact human health and welfare. Alarmingly, parasitic nematodes of animals have rapidly evolved resistance to anthelmintic drugs, and traditional nematicides that protect crops are facing increasing restrictions because of poor phylogenetic selectivity. Here, we exploit multiple motor outputs of the model nematode C.

What is the Optimal Way to Assess Spp. Reproduction in Greenhouse Pot Experiments?

Often research efforts that address both the practical concerns of managing spp. and understanding their basic biology involve greenhouse reproduction assays. However, there is little consensus in regards to what parameters should be used to conduct greenhouse assays.

Genome Announcement: The Draft Genome of the Carrot Cyst Nematode .

, the carrot cyst nematode, is a significant pest affecting carrot globally. Here we present the draft genome of , which was generated from short read libraries from Illumina HiSeq technology, and the corresponding genome annotation.

Transcriptional changes of biochemical pathways in Meloidogyne incognita in response to non-fumigant nematicides.

Meloidogyne incognita is a destructive and economically important agricultural pest. Similar to other plant-parasitic nematodes, management of M. incognita relies heavily on chemical controls.

Targeted transcriptomics reveals signatures of large-scale independent origins and concerted regulation of effector genes in Radopholus similis.

The burrowing nematode, Radopholus similis, is an economically important plant-parasitic nematode that inflicts damage and yield loss to a wide range of crops. This migratory endoparasite is widely distributed in warmer regions and causes extensive destruction to the root systems of important food crops (e.g.

New reduced-risk agricultural nematicides - rationale and review.

The last decade has seen a sharp increase in nematicide research in the agricultural industry. As a result, several new synthetic nematicides have become available to growers, and several more are expected in the near future. This new interest in nematicides is directly related to the growing demand for safer and more selective products, and the increasing regulatory pressure on many of the traditional nematicides.

Genomic Analyses of , A Quarantine Agricultural Pathogen in Idaho.

is among the most significant plant-parasitic nematodes worldwide, causing major damage to potato production. Since it was discovered in Idaho in 2006, eradication efforts have aimed to contain and eradicate through phytosanitary action and soil fumigation. In this study, we investigated genome-wide patterns of genetic variation across Idaho fields to evaluate whether the infestation resulted from a single or multiple introduction(s) and to investigate potential evolutionary responses since the time of infestation.

Phytoparasitic nematodes of organic vegetables in the Argan Biosphere of Souss-Massa (Southern Morocco).

Agroecological productivity of the Arganeraie Biosphere Reserve of Morocco is limited by the wide spread and dynamics of plant parasitic nematodes (PPN). Ecological studies of nematode communities are required to develop effective biological management of these bioagressors as conventional control methods of PPN are inadequate and have persistent harmful effects. Fifty-nine organic vegetable soils in Souss-Massa were nematologically sampled, and assessment of taxonomic proliferation was made in relation to host species, geographical origin, and climatic and microclimatic factors.

First Report of the Hop Cyst Nematode, Heterodera humuli, in Two Counties of the Yakima Valley Region, WA, USA.

Cyst nematodes are ranked as the second most damaging plant-parasitic nematode genus of crops worldwide (Jones et al. 2013). The hop cyst nematode, Heterodera humuli, has been reported to cause up to 38% reduction in dry hops per bine (Hay and Pethybridge 2003).

Growth, Sporulation, and Pathogenicity of the Raspberry Pathogen Under Different Temperature and Moisture Regimes.

Phytophthora root rot of raspberry, which is mostly caused by , is a significant issue for the Washington State red raspberry industry. Considered a cool weather pathogen, it is often assumed that it is most active and infective during the cool, wet winters of the region when soil temperatures range from 5 to 10°C; however, there are little data to support this view. More recent research has found that symptoms of root disease during late summer were strongly associated with .

Differential Response of , , , and Species to the Nematicide Fluazaindolizine.

This research focused on the effects of fluazaindolizine on a diversity of plant-parasitic nematodes. In microwell assays, 24-h dose-response curves were generated for several species and populations of , , , , and . In a greenhouse study, the impact of fluazaindolizine on fecundity of , , and was tested by exposing nematodes for 24 h in solution and inoculating on tomato.

Prevalence of the root lesion nematode virus (RLNV1) in populations of from North America.

Root lesion nematode virus 1 (RLNV1) was discovered in the migratory endoparasitic nematode species . It was found in a population collected from soil samples in Beltsville, Maryland, USA. In this study, the distribution of the RLNV1 in 31 geographically distinct populations obtained from different crops was examined.

Directed energy system technology for the control of soilborne fungal pathogens and plant-parasitic nematodes.

Background: It is challenging to manage soilborne pathogens and plant-parasitic nematodes using sustainable practices. Here, we evaluated a novel energy application system, Directed Energy System (DES). This system generates pulses of energy capable of impacting selected biological organisms.

Genome Announcement: The Draft Genomes of Two populations from Costa Rica.

is an economically important pest of both banana and citrus in tropical regions. Here we present draft genomes from two populations of from Costa Rica that were created and assembled using short read libraries from Illumina HiSeq technology.

Variable Abundance and Distribution of and Endosymbionts in Plant-Parasitic Nematode Field Populations.

The bacterial endosymbiont interacts with different invertebrate hosts, engaging in diverse symbiotic relationships. is often a reproductive parasite in arthropods, but an obligate mutualist in filarial nematodes. was recently discovered in plant-parasitic nematodes, and, is thus far known in just two genera and , yet the symbiont's function remains unknown.