Acid-Base Balance in Healthy Adults: Beneficial Effects of Bicarbonate and Sodium-Rich Mineral Water in a Randomized Controlled Trial: The BicarboWater Study.

Background: Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are a global health challenge. The complex etiology of NCDs involves genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors, including dietary habits. Chronic latent metabolic acidosis has been associated with an increased risk of NCDs.

Application of a Modified Healthy Eating Index (HEI-Flex) to Compare the Diet Quality of Flexitarians, Vegans and Omnivores in Germany.

Interest in plant-based nutrition has steadily increased in the western world in the recent years. The number of people following a meat-reduced, flexitarian diet is growing continuously. However, little is known about the diet quality of flexitarians compared to vegans or omnivores.

Effects of mineral waters on acid-base status in healthy adults: results of a randomized trial.

Background: The 'Western diet' typically consumed in industrialized countries is characterized by high amounts of processed cereal grains and animal products while being low in vegetables, tubers, and fruits. This dietary behavior leads to imbalances of acid-base status in favor of the acids and may cause low-grade metabolic acidosis (LGMA) that is associated with negative effects on health in the long run, including urolithiasis, bone loss, and even cardiometabolic diseases. Therefore, it has become of great interest to find dietary strategies that can be used to neutralize the acid load associated with Western diets.

Magnesium Bioavailability and Tolerability Do Not Differ between Two Supplements with Different Release Properties.

Magnesium (Mg) is one of the most frequently supplemented micronutrients. Due to possible gastrointestinal side effects, the European Food Safety Authority and the Institute of Medicine set the upper intake level for Mg from supplements to 250 and 350 mg, respectively. Nevertheless, systematic data concerning the tolerability of Mg supplements are scarce.

Magnesium bioavailability from mineral waters with different mineralization levels in comparison to bread and a supplement.

The aim of the present study was to compare the magnesium bioavailability from four mineral waters with different types of mineralization (e.g. SO, HCO, calcium) with the magnesium bioavailability from bread and from a magnesium supplement.

Calcium Bioavailability from Mineral Waters with Different Mineralization in Comparison to Milk and a Supplement.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to compare the bioavailability of calcium from 3 mineral waters with different concentrations of minerals with that of milk and a calcium supplement.

Methods: A single-center, randomized controlled trial with a crossover design with 21 healthy men and women was conducted at the Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover. The participants consumed the 5 test products providing 300 mg of calcium each on 5 examination days with 1-week wash-out phases in between.

Glycemic index and microstructure analysis of a newly developed fiber enriched cookie.

A diet with a high glycemic index (GI) is associated with an elevated risk for obesity or type 2 diabetes. We investigated the GI of a newly-developed fiber enriched cookie and characterized the microstructure of ingredients used. In a study with 26 non-diabetic healthy volunteers it was shown that the fiber enriched cookie has a GI of 58.

Increase of EPA-derived hydroxy, epoxy and dihydroxy fatty acid levels in human plasma after a single dose of long-chain omega-3 PUFA.

Introduction: Several supplementation studies with long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFA) describe an increase of EPA-derived hydroxy, epoxy and dihydroxy fatty acids in blood, while changes in levels of other LC n-3 and n-6 PUFA-derived oxylipins were minor. In order to investigate the kinetics of changes in oxylipin levels in response to LC n-3 PUFA ingestion, we conducted a single dose treatment study with healthy subjects.

Subjects And Methods: In the present kinetic study, we compared patterns of hydroxy, epoxy and dihydroxy fatty acids in plasma of 6 healthy men before and after 6, 8, 24, and 48h of fish oil (1008mg EPA and 672mg DHA) ingestion.

Cognitive performance following spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage versus other forms of intracranial haemorrhage.

Objective: The exact cause of cognitive deficits following intracranial haemorrhage is unclear. This prospective study examines the abilities after spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH), intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) and chronic subdural haematoma (SDH) to elucidate the cognitive outcome.

Patients And Methods: Ninety-nine patients with SAH (N = 60), ICH (N = 25), and SDH (N = 14) were followed up for an average of 6 and 12 months post-haemorrhage.

Incorporation of EPA and DHA into plasma phospholipids in response to different omega-3 fatty acid formulations--a comparative bioavailability study of fish oil vs. krill oil.

Background: Bioavailability of omega-3 fatty acids (FA) depends on their chemical form. Superior bioavailability has been suggested for phospholipid (PL) bound omega-3 FA in krill oil, but identical doses of different chemical forms have not been compared.

Methods: In a double-blinded crossover trial, we compared the uptake of three EPA+DHA formulations derived from fish oil (re-esterified triacylglycerides [rTAG], ethyl-esters [EE]) and krill oil (mainly PL).