Modern assessment of the uterine cavity and fallopian tubes in the era of high-efficacy assisted reproductive technology.

The high efficacy of modern assisted reproductive technology (ART) and increase in the number of noninfertile patients who are using ART for family building in the United States call into question the relevance of the standard, one-size-fits-all infertility evaluation. Here, we explore whether all patients presenting for ART need uterine cavity and tubal assessment and what tests are most appropriate, efficient, and cost-effective in current times.

Longitudinal vaginal septum: a proposed classification and surgical management.

Objective: To demonstrate various types of longitudinal vaginal septa (LVS), their classification, and the surgical management of typical and unique morphologic conditions of LVS.

Design: Video presentation of clinical appearance and surgical techniques for treatment of LVS.

Setting: University hospital and two private.

Virginity-sparing management of blind hemivagina in obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal anomaly syndrome.

Objectives: To demonstrate the hymen-sparing management of a blind hemivagina in obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal anomaly (OHVIRA) syndrome with the use of transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided vaginoscopic septoplasty supported by pre- and postoperative diagnostics with the use of a novel ultrasound technique: 3-dimensional saline-solution infusion contrast sonovaginocervicography (3D-SVC) with virtual speculoscopy.

Design: Video presentation of surgical and ultrasound techniques.

Setting: University hospital and two private centers.

Pre-, intra-, and postoperative management of Robert's uterus.

Objectives: To demonstrate a minimally invasive approach and management in three different types of Robert's uterus.

Design: Video presentation of surgical and ultrasound techniques.

Setting: University hospital and two private centers.

"Y Sign" at the Level of the 3-Vessel and Trachea View: An Effective Fetal Marker of Aortic Dextroposition Anomalies in the First Trimester.

Objectives: The "Y sign" at the level of the 3-vessel and trachea view corresponds to thinning of main pulmonary artery and arterial duct and a dilated transverse aortic arch. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Y sign for the diagnosis of aortic dextroposition anomalies at the time of the first-trimester scan and to assess the screening performance of only the Y sign, only abnormal left axis deviation (axis sign), and their combination for the diagnosis of aortic dextroposition anomalies.

Methods: A prospective evaluation of 6025 pregnant women undergoing first-trimester ultrasonography was conducted.

Inter-Rater Reliability of Air/Saline HyCoSy, HyFoSy and HyFoSy Combined With Power Doppler for Screening Tubal Patency.

Purpose:  To estimate the inter-observer reliability and agreement of offline analyses of three different ultrasound techniques for assessing tubal patency.

Methods:  100 tubes (n = 100) in 50 women were evaluated for tubal patency between November 2013 and July 2015 using ultrasound as index tests and laparoscopy as the reference standard. Three different ultrasound techniques were applied: two-dimensional grayscale ultrasound using air + saline as the contrast media (2D-HyCoSy); two- and three-dimensional grayscale ultrasound using foam as the contrast media (2 D/3D-HyFoSy); and the same technique but adding bi-directional power Doppler (2 D/3D-Doppler-HyFoSy).

Pain Intensity During Ultrasound Assessment of Uterine Cavity and Tubal Patency With and Without Painkillers: Prospective Observational Study.

Study Objective: To determine the pain intensity and incidence of mild to severe pain during the ultrasound assessment of the uterine cavity and tubal patency using saline, air and saline, and foam as contrasts with and without painkiller.

Design: Prospective observational study (Canadian Task Force classification II-1).

Setting: Private clinic.

Endometrial cancer and hyperplasia rate in women before menopause with abnormal uterine bleeding undergoing endometrial sampling.

Introduction: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is the most common symptom of endometrial cancer (EC) and endometrial hyperplasia with (AH) or without (EH) atypia. Risk of malignancy and hyperplasia is significantly lower in premenopausal than in postmenopausal women. Only 10% of EC occurs before menopause.

Age at natural menopause in women on long-term methotrexate therapy for rheumatoid arthritis.

Objective: The aim of the study was to compare the natural menopause ages of healthy women with those of women with methotrexate (MTX)-treated rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and to specifically assess the effect of disease onset and activity and the use of MTX on the age of the last menstruation.

Methods: We performed a retrospective review of medical records to identify the ages at which menopause occurred in women with premenopausal RA treated with MTX and in women with postmenopausal onset, irrespective of therapy. Natural menopause ages were also compared between participants with and without RA.

What are the most common first-trimester ultrasound findings in cases of Turner syndrome?

Objectives: To identify the most common first-trimester ultrasound findings in Turner syndrome (TS). To evaluate which first-trimester findings can be best used to predict the likelihood of TS.

Methods: This was a prospective study, based on singleton pregnancies.

Reliability of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology/European Society for Gynaecological Endoscopy and American Society for Reproductive Medicine classification systems for congenital uterine anomalies detected using three-dimensional ultrasonography.

Objective: To estimate the inter-rater/intrarater reliability of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology/European Society for Gynaecological Endoscopy (ESHRE-ESGE) classification of congenital uterine malformations and to compare the results obtained with the reliability of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) classification supplemented with additional morphometric criteria.

Design: Reliability/agreement study.

Setting: Private clinic.

Vertical transmission of HPV in pregnancy. A prospective clinical study of HPV-positive pregnant women.

Introduction: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection. Data reporting vertical transmission of HPV from the mother to the fetus are inconsistent and scant. Vertical transmission may occur by hematogenic route (transplacental), or by ascending contamination, or through the birth canal, which may result in the dreaded and rare laryngeal papillomatosis.

Diagnostic accuracy of three-dimensional sonohysterography compared with office hysteroscopy and its interrater/intrarater agreement in uterine cavity assessment after hysteroscopic metroplasty.

Objective: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of three-dimensional sonohysterography (3D-SIS) and office hysteroscopy in uterine cavity assessment after hysteroscopic metroplasty (HM) and determine the interrater/intrarater agreement for 3D-SIS.

Design: Prospective observational study.

Setting: University hospital, private hospital, and clinic.

Transrectal ultrasound-guided hysteroscopic myomectomy of submucosal myomas with a varying degree of myometrial penetration.

Study Objective: To predict the 1-step complete resection rate after transrectal ultrasound-guided hysteroscopic myomectomy and to determine the usefulness of intraoperative transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) in monitoring hysteroscopic electroresection of submucosal myomas.

Design: Prospective cohort study (Canadian Task Force classification II-1).

Setting: University hospital.

Hormone replacement therapy regimens in chemotherapy-induced premature ovarian failure and the subsequent correction of hormone levels.

Objectives: Premature ovarian failure (POF) is a consequence of gonadotoxic chemoradiotherapy given in antyneoplasia treatment. In young women it will correlate with menopausal symptoms which tend to appear due to depleted ovarian follicle reserve.

Design: It was a case series study that included women 18-50 years old who were treated for malignancy with gonadotoxic chemioradiotherapy.

Two- and three-dimensional ultrasonography and sonohysterography versus hysteroscopy with laparoscopy in the differential diagnosis of septate, bicornuate, and arcuate uteri.

Study Objective: To estimate the diagnostic accuracy and to compare the diagnostic value of 3-dimensional sonohysterography (3D-SIS), 3-dimensional transvaginal ultrasonography (3D-TVS), 2-dimensional sonohysterography (2D-SIS), and 2-dimensional transvaginal ultrasonography (2D-TVS) (initial and expert diagnosis) in the differential diagnosis of septate, bicornuate, and arcuate uteri.

Design: Prospective clinical study (Canadian Task Force II-2).

Setting: University hospital and private hospital and clinic.

Prevalence of HPV-DNA in Pap smears containing ASC and AGC performed within Population Programme of Prophylaxis and Early Detection of Early Cervical Cancer.

Aim: to assess the incidence of HPV -DNA in women with ASC/AGC compared to patients with normal Pap smears.

Material And Methods: The study group consisted of 242 women (207 ASC and 35 AGC cases). The control group counted 200 age-matched women with negative Pap smears.

Diagnostic accuracy of sonohysterography, hysterosalpingography and diagnostic hysteroscopy in diagnosis of arcuate, septate and bicornuate uterus.

Aim: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of sonohysterography (SHG), hysterosalpingography (HSG) and diagnostic hysteroscopy (DH) in uterine anomaly detection and to assess the role of these various modalities in the differential diagnosis of arcuate, septate and bicornuate uteri.

Methods: Eighty-three women, with a history of recurrent spontaneous abortions or infertility and initial diagnosis of uterine anomaly were included in the study. Diagnostic work-up comprised of SHG, HSG and DH.

[Influence of vaginal microflora on the presence of persistent atypical squamous cells and atypical glandular cells in pap smear--a 3-year study].

Aim Of The Study: the evaluation of influence of abnormal vaginal biocoenosis on presence and maintenance ASC and AGC in Pap smears.

Methods: The study group consisted of 242 non-pregnant women (25-65 years of age): 207 women (4.96%) with atypical sqamous cells and 35 (0.