Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are known to be the cause of anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers as well as genital and common warts. HPV pseudovirions (PsVs) are synthetic viral particles that are made up of the L1 major and L2 minor HPV capsid proteins and up to 8 Kb of encapsidated pseudogenome dsDNA. HPV PsVs are used to test novel neutralising antibodies elicited by vaccines, for studying the virus life cycle, and potentially for the delivery of therapeutic DNA vaccines.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPsittacine beak and feather disease (PBFD) is one of the most important viral diseases affecting parrot species worldwide. Outbreaks of PBFD have been reported in wild endemic and endangered South African Cape Parrots (Poicephalus robustus), most recently in 2008. A previous study of wild Cape Parrots in the Eastern Cape region of South Africa in 2010-11 found 34/49 birds positive for beak and feather disease virus (BFDV), the causative agent of PBFD, showing that the outbreak was still ongoing.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAfrican horse sickness (AHS) is a debilitating and highly infectious arthropod-borne disease affecting all species of Equidae. The causative agent of AHS is the non-enveloped dsRNA African horse sickness virus (AHSV), belonging in the genus Orbivirus, family Reoviridae. The identification and surveillance of AHSV by simple and reliable diagnostic tools is essential for managing AHS outbreaks.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMol Ther Nucleic Acids
December 2021
Genome editing tools targeting high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) oncogene could be a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of HPV-related cervical cancer. We aimed to improve the editing efficiency and detect off-target effects concurrently for the clinical translation strategy by using CRISPR-Cas9 system co-transfected with 34nt non-homologous double-stranded oligodeoxynucleotide (dsODN). We firstly tested this strategy on targeting the Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) gene, of which the expression is easily observed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAfrican horse sickness (AHS) is a devastating viral disease affecting equines and has resulted in many disastrous epizootics. To date, no successful therapeutic treatment exists for AHS, and commercially used live-attenuated vaccines have various undesirable side effects. Previous studies have shown that mice inoculated with insoluble African horse sickness virus (AHSV) VP7 crystals are protected from live challenge with a lethal dose of AHSV.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCervical cancer is ranked fourth among the top cancers in women and is the second most common cancer in low- and middle-income regions, with ~570,000 new cases reported in 2018, which attributed to 84% of worldwide cervical cancer cases. Three commercially available prophylactic Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines are effective at preventing HPV infections. However, these vaccines are expensive due to their complex production systems, therefore limiting their use in developing countries.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVaccine efficacy requires the production of neutralising antibodies which offer protection against the native virus. The current gold standard for determining the presence of neutralising antibodies is the pseudovirion-based neutralisation assay (PBNA). PBNAs utilise pseudovirions (PsVs), structures which mimic native virus capsids, but contain non-viral nucleic material.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMethods for simple and fast assembly of exchangeable standard DNA parts using Type II S restriction enzymes are becoming more and more popular in plant synthetic and molecular biology. These methods enable routine construction of large and complex multigene DNA structures. Two available frameworks emphasize either high cloning capacity (Modular Cloning, MoClo) or simplicity (GoldenBraid, GB).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Gene therapy has held promises for treating specific genetic diseases. However, the key to clinical application depends on effective gene delivery.
Methods: Using a large animal model, we developed two pharmaceutical formulations for gene delivery in the pigs' vagina, which were made up of poly (β-amino ester) (PBAE)-plasmid polyplex nanoparticles (NPs) based two gel materials, modified montmorillonite (mMMT) and hectorite (HTT).
This is the first evidence that replicating vectors can be successfully used for transient protein expression in BY-2 plant cell packs. Transient recombinant protein expression in plants and recently also plant cell cultures are of increasing interest due to the speed, safety and scalability of the process. Currently, studies are focussing on the design of plant virus-derived vectors to achieve higher amounts of transiently expressed proteins in these systems.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSustained infection of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPVs), especially HPV16 and HPV18, is a major cause of cervical cancer. E6 and E7 oncoproteins, encoded by the HPV genome, are critical for transformation and maintenance of malignant phenotypes of cervical cancer. Here, we used an emerging programmable clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/Cas13a system to cleave HPV 16/18 E6/E7 messenger RNAs (mRNAs).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPersistent high-risk HPV infection is the main factor for cervical cancer. HPV E7 oncogene plays an important role in HPV carcinogenesis. Down-regulation of E7 oncogene expression could induce growth inhibition in HPV-positive cells and thus treats HPV related cervical cancer.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInterest in applications and benefits that Molecular Pharming might offer to Low and Middle Income Countries has always been a potent driver for the research discipline, and a major reason why many scientists entered the field. Although enthusiasm remains high, the reality is that such a game-changing innovation would always take longer than traditional uptake of new technology in developed countries, and be complicated by external factors beyond technical feasibility. Excitingly, signs of increasing interest by LMICS in Molecular Pharming are now emerging.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAfrican horse sickness is a devastating disease that causes great suffering and many fatalities amongst horses in sub-Saharan Africa. It is caused by nine different serotypes of the orbivirus African horse sickness virus (AHSV) and it is spread by Culicoid midges. The disease has significant economic consequences for the equine industry both in southern Africa and increasingly further afield as the geographic distribution of the midge vector broadens with global warming and climate change.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCervical cancer caused by infection with human papillomaviruses (HPVs) is the fourth most common cancer in women globally, with the burden mainly in developing countries due to limited healthcare resources. Current vaccines based on virus-like particles (VLPs) assembled from recombinant expression of the immunodominant L1 protein are highly effective in the prevention of cervical infection; however, these vaccines are expensive and type-specific. Therefore, there is a need for more broadly protective and affordable vaccines.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Since human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing has been promoted as primary screening strategy, the triage method has also evolved from morphological testing to a molecular biomarker detection to improve screening efficiency. In this study, we investigated the performance of three HPV integration hot-spots, HMGA2, LRP1B, and TP63, as potential triage markers in HPV screening tests.
Materials And Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2016 to December 2017 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University.
From initial human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and precursor stages, the development of cervical cancer takes decades. High-sensitivity HPV DNA testing is currently recommended as primary screening method for cervical cancer, whereas better triage methodologies are encouraged to provide accurate risk management for HPV-positive women. Given that virus-driven genomic variation accumulates during cervical carcinogenesis, we designed a 39 Mb custom capture panel targeting 17 HPV types and 522 mutant genes related to cervical cancer.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlant Biotechnol J
September 2019
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2) is the main causative agent associated with a group of diseases collectively known as porcine circovirus-associated disease (PCAD). There is a significant economic strain on the global swine industry due to PCAD and the production of commercial PCV-2 vaccines is expensive. Plant expression systems are increasingly regarded as a viable technology to produce recombinant proteins for use as pharmaceutical agents and vaccines.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAfrican horse sickness (AHS) is caused by multiple serotypes of the dsRNA AHSV and is a major scourge of domestic equids in Africa. While there are well established commercial live attenuated vaccines produced in South Africa, risks associated with these have encouraged attempts to develop new and safer recombinant vaccines. Previously, we reported on the immunogenicity of a plant-produced AHS serotype 5 virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine, which stimulated high titres of AHS serotype 5-specific neutralizing antibodies in guinea pigs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHuman papillomaviruses (HPVs) are the causative agents of cervical cancer, the fourth most prevalent cancer in women worldwide. The major capsid protein L1 self-assembles into virus-like particles (VLPs), even in the absence of the minor L2 protein: such VLPs have successfully been used as prophylactic vaccines. There remains a need, however, to develop cheaper vaccines that protect against a wider range of HPV types.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHorseradish peroxidase (HRP) is a commercially important reagent enzyme used in molecular biology and in the diagnostic product industry. It is typically purified from the roots of the horseradish (); however, this crop is only available seasonally, yields are variable and often low, and the product is a mixture of isoenzymes. Engineering high-level expression in transiently transformed tobacco may offer a solution to these problems.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide, and it is estimated that Human papillomavirus (HPV) related cancers account for 5% of all human cancers. Current HPV vaccines are extremely effective at preventing infection and neoplastic disease; however, they are prophylactic and do not clear established infections. Therapeutic vaccines which trigger cell-mediated immune responses for the treatment of established infections and malignancies are therefore required.
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