A role for astrocytic insulin-like growth factor I receptors in the response to ischemic insult.

Increased neurotrophic support, including insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), is an important aspect of the adaptive response to ischemic insult. However, recent findings indicate that the IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) in neurons plays a detrimental role in the response to stroke. Thus, we investigated the role of astrocytic IGF-IR on ischemic insults using tamoxifen-regulated Cre deletion of IGF-IR in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) astrocytes, a major cellular component in the response to injury.

A pacemaker transthoracic impedance sensor with an advanced algorithm to identify severe sleep apnea: the DREAM European study.

Background: Sleep apnea (SA) is associated with cardiovascular diseases and is highly prevalent in patients with pacemakers (PMs).

Objective: To validate a transthoracic impedance sensor with an advanced algorithm (sleep apnea monitoring) for identifying severe SA.

Methods: Patients with indications for PM (VVI/DDD) were enrolled regardless of symptoms suggesting SA.