Cost-effectiveness of omalizumab for the treatment of severe pediatric allergic asthma-Results of a real-life study in Spain.

Background: Severe pediatric allergic asthma (SPAA) induces a huge economic burden in terms of direct, indirect, and intangible costs. The use of omalizumab for the treatment of these patients has produced a significant improvement in several clinical outcomes, but at the same time, the cost for the management of the disease has also increased. The aim of this report was to evaluate whether the use of omalizumab is cost-effective.

Development of Lung Function in Preterm Infants During the First Two Years of Life.

Introduction: It remains unclear if prematurity itself can influence post delivery lung development and particularly, the bronchial size.

Aim: To assess lung function during the first two years of life in healthy preterm infants and compare the measurements to those obtained in healthy term infants during the same time period.

Methods: This observational longitudinal study assessed lung function in 74 preterm (30+0 to 35+6 weeks' gestational age) and 76 healthy term control infants who were recruited between 2011 and 2013.

Incidence and Prevalence of Children's Diffuse Lung Disease in Spain.

Background: Children's diffuse lung disease, also known as children's Interstitial Lung Diseases (chILD), are a heterogeneous group of rare diseases with relevant morbidity and mortality, which diagnosis and classification are very complex. Epidemiological data are scarce. The aim of this study was to analyse incidence and prevalence of chILD in Spain.

Epigenetic regulation of inflammation by microRNAs in post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans.

Objectives: Post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans (PiBO) is a rare, chronic disease initiated by severe infection and followed by perpetuating inflammation and obliteration of the small airways. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been proposed to play a central role as epigenetic regulators, which control resolution and prevent the uncontrolled progress of inflammation. The aim of this study was to define biomarkers on the level of post-transcriptional gene regulation in order to characterise PiBO.

Respiratory outcomes of "new" bronchopulmonary dysplasia in adolescents: A multicenter study.

Objective: Long-term respiratory consequences of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants born in the post-surfactant era ("new" BPD) remain partially unknown. The present study aimed to evaluate the respiratory outcomes of "new" BPD in adolescents who were born preterm.

Methods: This multicenter, cross-sectional study included 286 adolescents born between 2003 and 2005 (mean age: 14.

Immunofluorescence Analysis as a Diagnostic Tool in a Spanish Cohort of Patients with Suspected Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia.

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is an autosomal recessive rare disease caused by an alteration of ciliary structure. Immunofluorescence, consisting in the detection of the presence and distribution of cilia proteins in human respiratory cells by fluorescence, has been recently proposed as a technique to improve understanding of disease-causing genes and diagnosis rate in PCD. The objective of this study is to determine the accuracy of a panel of four fluorescently labeled antibodies (DNAH5, DNALI1, GAS8 and RSPH4A or RSPH9) as a PCD diagnostic tool in the absence of transmission electron microscopy analysis.

Validation of Global Lung Function Initiative and All Ages Reference Equations for Forced Spirometry in Healthy Spanish Preschoolers.

Introduction: Recent publication of multi-ethnic spirometry reference equations for subjects aged from 3-95 years aim to avoid age-related discontinuities and provide a worldwide standard for interpreting spirometric test results.

Objectives: To assess the agreement of the Global Lung Function Initiative (GLI-2012) and All ages (FEV) reference equations with the Spanish preschool lung function data. To verify the appropriateness of these reference values for clinical use in Spanish preschool children.

[Pulmonary hypoplasia: An analysis of cases over a 20-year period].

Introduction: Pulmonary hypoplasia is the most frequent congenital anomaly associated with perinatal mortality.

Material And Methods: A retrospective and descriptive review was conducted on cases of patients diagnosed with pulmonary hypoplasia between 1995 and 2014 in a tertiary university hospital. An analysis was made of the prenatal imaging, clinical manifestations, post-natal diagnostic tests, treatment and management, long-term follow up, and survival data.

Use of inhaled iloprost in children with pulmonary hypertension.

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) in children is a serious disorder, for which the major goal of treatment is to prevent progressive vascular remodeling, and improve clinical status and survival. Iloprost is approved for the treatment of PH in adults; however, few studies have evaluated its effects in children. The objective of this study is to analyze the long-term effects of inhaled iloprost treatment in children with PH.

[Bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine in children under 4 years with recurrent bronchitis].

Objective: To evaluate bronchial hyperresponsiveness in children under 4 years of age with recurrent wheezing bronchitis, and to determine if its presence or absence can predict the subsequent progression to a transient or persistent wheezing bronchitis phenotype.

Population And Methods: A bronchial challenge test was performed with methacholine using a modified tidal volume method, without sedation in a group of patients from 8 to 47 months of age with recurrent wheezing bronchitis and a control group of healthy children. A decrease in oxygen saturation of ≥ 5% or an increase in respiration rate of >50% [PCwheeze (PCw)] was considered a positive response.

[Exhaled nitric oxide in children under 4 years of age with recurrent bronchitis].

Background: The objective of the study was to assess bronchial inflammation in preschool children with recurrent bronchitis by measuring exhaled nitric oxide.

Patients And Methods: The study included patients under 4 years of age with at least 3 episodes of wheezing in the past year (n=63) and a control group (n=30). Exhaled nitric oxide was measured in samples collected offline during spontaneous tidal breathing with a face mask and stored in Mylar balloons.

[Bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine assessed by means of tracheal auscultation of healthy children aged under 4 years].

Objective: To assess the safety of the tracheal auscultation method for measuring bronchial hyperresponsiveness in healthy unsedated children aged less than 4 years and to establish a range of normal bronchial hyperresponsiveness values.

Population And Methods: The study population consisted of healthy children aged between 6 months and 4 years. A methacholine bronchial provocation test was administered to unsedated children, using the tidal volume breathing technique and applying an abbreviated protocol.