Current Approach to Dysphagia: A Review Focusing on Esophageal Motility Disorders and Their Treatment.

Background: Dysphagia is a prevalent condition which may severely impact the patient's quality of life. However, there are still lacking standardized therapeutic options for esophageal motility disorders.

Summary: Dysphagia is defined as a subjective sensation of difficulty swallowing which can result from oropharyngeal or esophageal etiologies.

(L.) Hovenkamp & S. Linds a Wild Fern Used in Timorese Cuisine.

(L.) Hovenkamp & S. Linds is an extensively used species in traditional medicinal systems in several areas of the world due to some important medicinal properties such as antioxidant, antibacterial, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory activities.

Rhinoscleroma in a 5-year-old Portuguese Child.

Rhinoscleroma is a chronic granulomatous infectious disease that is rare in Western Europe. We report the case of a 5-year-old Portuguese boy diagnosed with rhinoscleroma in the context of recurrent epistaxis. He had a 6-month course of antibiotic (amoxicillin plus clavulanate) therapy with full recovery.

First seizure as late presentation of velo-cardio-facial syndrome.

Congenital hypoparathyroidism caused by velo-cardio-facial syndrome (VCFS) typically presents with hypocalcemia in the neonatal period associated with other characteristic findings. We report the case of an 8-year-old boy presenting a hypocalcemic seizure (ionized calcium, 0.65 mM); he had a history of velopharyngeal insufficiency and late development with language impairment; at presentation, minor dysmorphic features were noticed.