An overview on flow methods for the chemiluminescence determination of phosphorus.

A review on the flow analysis of phosphorus with chemiluminescence detection is presented. A brief discussion of the chemiluminescence principles and applications is given. Particular emphasis is devoted to coupling different flow techniques (flow injection, sequential injection, multicommutation, multisyringe flow injection, multi-pumping) to chemiluminescence detection.

A double-line sequential injection system for the spectrophotometric determination of copper, iron, manganese, and zinc in waters.

A double-line sequential injection system was developed for the spectrophotometric determination of several metal ions in waters. The proposed double-line configuration was used to enable adding sample and chromogenic reagents as merging zones. The methodology was applied to the spectrophotometric determination of copper, iron, manganese, and zinc in samples of diverse origins at the range of 0.

Use of a single air segment to minimise dispersion and improve mixing in sequential injection: turbidimetric determination of sulphate in waters.

In this work, we propose the use of an air segment in a sequential injection system to simultaneously improve the overlapping of the stacked zones and minimise dispersion. This strategy was developed for the determination of sulphate in natural and wastewaters. Barium chloride was used as a precipitating agent and the turbidity of the suspension formed was measured at 420 nm.