Human bone marrow as a source to generate CMV-specific CD4+ T cells with multifunctional capacity.

The bone marrow (BM) is an important compartment for T cell memory. In cytomegalovirus (CMV)-seropositive individuals peripheral blood (PB) CMV-specific T cells constitute a large fraction of PB T cells but are mostly differentiated effector/effector memory T cells with limited survival and proliferative potential. In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the CMV-specific T cell response in BM studying both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses against overlapping peptide pools of the CMV proteins pp65 and immediate early protein-1.

The influence of concomitant neuroleptic medication on safety, tolerability and clinical effectiveness of electroconvulsive therapy.

Background: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is still considered to be the most efficacious treatment option in major depressive disorder and treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Unfortunately, in some cases patients do not respond sufficiently to conventional unilateral ECT, or even to bilateral or high dose ECT. In these cases, concomitant pharmacotherapy can be a useful augmentation strategy to improve clinical effectiveness.

The influence of concomitant antidepressant medication on safety, tolerability and clinical effectiveness of electroconvulsive therapy.

Background: A major problem in the treatment of severe depression is the onset latency until clinical improvement. So far, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is the most effective somatic treatment of depression. This holds especially true for treatment-refractory disturbances.