Evaluating serotype-specific survival of Listeria monocytogenes and Listeria innocua on wax-coated Granny Smith apples during storage.

Listeria monocytogenes serotypes 1/2a, 1/2b, and 4b are implicated in over 90 % of human listeriosis cases; however, information regarding the serotype-specific survival of L. monocytogenes on apples remains limited. This study evaluated the survival dynamics of these serotypes, using two sets of strains, on Granny Smith apples (GSA) and examined the impact of wax-coating on their survivability during storage.

Impact of overhead evaporative cooling, canopy location, sunlight exposure, inoculation level, region, and growing season on the survival of generic Escherichia coli on in-field Fuji apples.

Aims: The survival of inoculated Escherichia coli on Fuji apples in Washington State orchards was studied, considering evaporative cooling, canopy location, year, and region, with the examination of sunlight exposure and inoculation levels in year 2.

Methods And Results: Rifampicin-resistant E. coli was applied to Fuji apples.

Listeria monocytogenes cross-contamination during apple waxing and subsequent survival under different storage conditions.

This study evaluated Listeria monocytogenes cross-contamination between inoculated fruits, waxing brush, and uninoculated fruits during apple wax coating and investigated the fate of L. monocytogenes on wax-coated apples introduced via different wax coating schemes. There were 1.

Effects of 1-methylcyclopropene and gaseous ozone on Listeria innocua survival and fruit quality of Granny Smith apples during long-term commercial cold storage.

This study evaluated the impact of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), an ethylene synthesis inhibitor, followed by long-term commercial cold storage with low-dose gaseous ozone on the microbiological safety and quality of fresh apples. Granny Smith apples were inoculated with or without Listeria innocua, treated with or without 1.0 mg/L 1-MCP for 24 h, then subjected to commercial cold storage conditions including refrigerated air (RA, 0.

Effectiveness of Low-Dose Continuous Gaseous Ozone in Controlling on Red Delicious Apples During 9-Month Commercial Cold Storage.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of low-dose continuous ozone gas in controlling and quality attributes and disorders of Red Delicious apples during long-term commercial cold storage. Red Delicious apples were inoculated with a three-strain cocktail at ∼6.2 log CFU/apple, treated with or without 1-methylcyclopropene, and then subjected to controlled atmosphere (CA) storage with or without continuous gaseous ozone in a commercial facility for 36 weeks.

Persistence of Listeria innocua on Fresh Apples during Long-Term Controlled Atmosphere Cold Storage with Postharvest Fungal Decay.

Abstract: Recent apple-related recall and outbreak events have exposed a need for better food safety controls along the supply chain. Following harvest, apples can be stored under a controlled atmosphere for up to 1 year after harvest before packing and distribution, making the crop susceptible to many opportunities for contamination that increase the quantity of postharvest losses. Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium expansum cause significant rot-associated losses to the apple industry.

Synergistic Effects of Lauric Arginate and Peracetic Acid in Reducing on Fresh Apples.

Apples are naturally coated with a water-repelling hydrophobic wax layer, which may limit the antimicrobial efficacies of surface sanitizer solutions. Lauric arginate (LAE) is a cationic surfactant with antimicrobial efficacy against . In this study, we investigated the antimicrobial and the wettability effects of LAE in enhancing anti- efficacy of peracetic acid (PAA) and further verified the optimized treatment combinations in a pilot spray-bar brush bed system.

Prevalence of Species on Food Contact Surfaces in Washington State Apple Packinghouses.

The 2014 caramel apple listeriosis outbreak was traced back to cross-contamination between food contact surfaces (FCS) of equipment used for packing and fresh apples. For Washington state, the leading apple producer in the United States with 79% of its total production directed to the fresh market, managing the risk of apple contamination with within the packing environment is crucial. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of spp.

Utility of rapid tests to assess the prevalence of indicator organisms (Aerobic plate count, Enterobacteriaceae, coliforms, Escherichia coli, and Listeria spp.) in apple packinghouses.

The 2014 listeriosis outbreak caused by caramel-coated apples was linked to apples cross-contaminated within an apple packing facility. This outbreak has increased the focus on effective cleaning and sanitation methods that must be validated and monitored during apple packing. Thus, rapid and reliable testing methods are necessary for assessing cleanliness in the apple packing industry.

Verification of peroxyacetic acid treatment against L. monocytogenes on fresh apples using E. faecium NRRL B-2354 as a surrogate in commercial spray-bar operations.

Peroxyacetic acid (PAA) is a commonly used antimicrobial in apple spray bar interventions during post-harvest packing. However, limited information is available about its efficacy against foodborne pathogens on fresh apples under commercial packing conditions. In this study, the practical efficacies of PAA against Listeria monocytogenes on fresh apples during spray bar operation at ambient and elevated temperature were validated in three commercial packing facilities using Enterococcus faecium NRRL B-2354 as a surrogate strain.

Hurdle Effect of Hot Air Impingement Drying and Surfactant-Sanitizer Wash on Removal of Listeria innocua from Fresh Apples.

Abstract: This study investigated the decontamination efficacy of washing treatments for whole fresh apples by using washes containing surfactants, lauric arginate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, and Tween 20, combined with peracetic acid (PAA), followed by hot air impingement drying. Whole fresh apples of selected varieties (Gala and Granny Smith) were inoculated with Listeria innocua (7 log CFU/mL) by using a dipping method, and then dried and subjected to wash treatments with selected washing solutions (H2O, PAA, PAA-lauric arginate, PAA-sodium dodecyl sulfate, and PAA-Tween 20), followed by hot air impingement drying at two different temperature and time conditions, 93°C for 60 s or 121°C for 25 s. The H2O and PAA wash followed by hot air impingement drying led to a maximum 1.

Evaluation of JC9450 and Neutral Electrolyzed Water in Controlling on Fresh Apples and Preventing Cross-Contamination.

Recent multistate outbreaks and recalls of fresh apples due to contamination have increased consumer concerns regarding fresh and processed apple safety. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of two sanitizers, mineral oxychloride (JC9450) and neutral electrolyzed water (NEW), for inactivation of on fresh apples. A 2-min treatment of 0.

Efficacy of Surfactant Combined with Peracetic Acid in Removing from Fresh Apples.

Large amounts of water used in the apple packing process, the presence of organic matter, and difficult-to-clean equipment are vectors for contaminating apples with foodborne pathogens, such as . There is a need to develop new cleaning methods for fresh apples and evaluate their antimicrobial efficacy. A series of surfactants of different chemical properties (cationic lauric arginate [LAE], anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate [SDS], and nonionic Tween 20 [T20]) alone and combined with peracetic acid (PAA) were evaluated for their efficiency in the removal of a surrogate of from fresh apples.

Enhanced Efficacy of Peroxyacetic Acid Against on Fresh Apples at Elevated Temperature.

Peroxyacetic acid (PAA) is the most commonly used antimicrobial in spray bar antimicrobial treatment during fresh apple packing and processing. However, there are limited data regarding its practical efficacy against on fresh apples. This study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of PAA against on fresh apples applicable to current industry practice, and further examined practical parameters impacting its efficacy to maximize the biocidal effects.

Efficacy of Ozonated Water, Chlorine, Chlorine Dioxide, Quaternary Ammonium Compounds and Peroxyacetic Acid Against Biofilm on Polystyrene Surfaces.

contaminated processing equipment and the general packing environment have been implicated in deadly foodborne listeriosis outbreaks, highlighting the significance of proper sanitization and disinfection of food contact surfaces. This study aims to comprehensively evaluate antimicrobial efficacy of commercially available, economical sanitizers at practical concentrations against biofilm formed on polystyrene surfaces under different conditions. Ozonated water 1-min treatment at 1.

Survival of Listeria innocua on Fuji apples under commercial cold storage with or without low dose continuous ozone gaseous.

This study evaluated the fate of Listeria innocua, a non-pathogenic species closely related to Listeria monocytogenes, on Fuji apple fruit surfaces during commercial cold storage with and without continuous low doses of gaseous ozone. Unwaxed Fuji apples of commercially acceptable maturity were inoculated with 6.0-7.

Fate of on Fresh Apples under Different Storage Temperatures.

Fresh apples are typically stored for up to 1 year commercially; different apple varieties require different storage temperatures to maintain their quality characteristics. There is sparse information available about survival on fresh apples under various storage temperatures. The objective of this study was to comprehensively evaluate the effect of storage temperature on apple fruit decay and survival.

Gene expression and metabolism preceding soft scald, a chilling injury of 'Honeycrisp' apple fruit.

Background: 'Honeycrisp' is an apple cultivar that is susceptible to soft scald, a chilling injury expressed as necrotic patches on the peel. Improved understanding of metabolism associated with the disorder would improve our understanding of soft scald and contribute to developing more effective management strategies for apple storage. It was expected that specific gene expression and specific metabolite levels in the peel would be linked with soft scald risk at harvest and/or specific time points during cold storage.

Chilling-related cell damage of apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) fruit cortical tissue impacts antioxidant, lipid and phenolic metabolism.

'Soggy breakdown' (SB) is an internal flesh disorder of 'Honeycrisp' apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) fruit that occurs during low temperature storage. The disorder is a chilling injury (CI) in which visible symptoms typically appear after several weeks of storage, but information about the underlying metabolism associated with its induction and development is lacking.