Serum Expression of miR-23a-3p and miR-424-5p Indicate Specific Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Phenotypes: A Pilot Study.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded, non-coding RNAs that regulate mRNA expression on a post-transcriptional level. Observational studies suggest an association of serum miRNAs and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a common heterogeneous endocrinopathy characterized by hyperandrogenism (HA), oligo- or amenorrhea (OM) and polycystic ovaries. It is not known whether these miRNA profiles also differ between PCOS phenotypes.

Generic Platform for the Multiplexed Targeted Electrochemical Detection of Osteoporosis-Associated Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Using Recombinase Polymerase Solid-Phase Primer Elongation and Ferrocene-Modified Nucleoside Triphosphates.

Osteoporosis is a multifactorial disease influenced by genetic and environmental factors, which contributes to an increased risk of bone fracture, but early diagnosis of this disease cannot be achieved using current techniques. We describe a generic platform for the targeted electrochemical genotyping of SNPs identified by genome-wide association studies to be associated with a genetic predisposition to osteoporosis. The platform exploits isothermal solid-phase primer elongation with ferrocene-labeled nucleoside triphosphates.

Mg-Zn-Ca Alloy (ZX00) Screws Are Resorbed at a Mean of 2.5 Years After Medial Malleolar Fracture Fixation: Follow-up of a First-in-humans Application and Insights From a Sheep Model.

Background: In the ongoing development of bioresorbable implants, there has been a particular focus on magnesium (Mg)-based alloys. Several Mg alloys have shown promising properties, including a lean, bioresorbable magnesium-zinc-calcium (Mg-Zn-Ca) alloy designated as ZX00. To our knowledge, this is the first clinically tested Mg-based alloy free from rare-earth elements or other elements.

Long-term and sequential treatment for osteoporosis.

Osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder that causes impairment of bone structure and strength, leading to a progressively increased risk of fragility fractures. The global prevalence of osteoporosis is increasing in the ageing population. Owing to the chronic character of osteoporosis, years or even decades of preventive measures or therapy are required.

AMH in Males: Effects of Body Size and Composition on Serum AMH Levels.

Serum concentrations of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) have been found to decrease with increasing body mass index (BMI) in many studies. It is not yet clear whether this stems from an adverse effect of adiposity on AMH production, or from dilution due to the greater blood volume that accompanies a larger body size. To investigate a possible hemodilution effect, we explored the relationships between serum AMH levels and different parameters of body composition using linear regression models in a cohort of adult males.

Rosiglitazone Reverses Inflammation in Epididymal White Adipose Tissue in Hormone-Sensitive Lipase-Knockout Mice.

Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) plays a crucial role in intracellular lipolysis, and loss of HSL leads to diacylglycerol (DAG) accumulation, reduced FA mobilization, and impaired PPARγ signaling. Hsl knockout mice exhibit adipose tissue inflammation, but the underlying mechanisms are still not clear. Here, we investigated if and to what extent HSL loss contributes to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and adipose tissue inflammation in Hsl knockout mice.

Biomechanical properties of a suture anchor system from human allogenic mineralized cortical bone matrix for rotator cuff repair.

Background: Suture anchors (SAs) made of human allogenic mineralized cortical bone matrix are among the newest developments in orthopaedic and trauma surgery. Biomechanical properties of an allogenic mineralized suture anchor (AMSA) are not investigated until now. The primary objective was the biomechanical investigation of AMSA and comparing it to a metallic suture anchor (MSA) and a bioabsorbable suture anchor (BSA) placed at the greater tuberosity of the humeral head of cadaver humeri.

Expression Profiles of miR-22-5p and miR-142-3p Indicate Hashimoto's Disease and Are related to Thyroid Antibodies.

Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is the most prevalent autoimmune disorder of the thyroid (AITD) and characterized by the presence of circulating autoantibodies evoked by a, to date, not fully understood dysregulation of the immune system. Autoreactive lymphocytes and inflammatory processes in the thyroid gland can impair or enhance thyroid hormone secretion. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs, which can play a pivotal role in immune functions and the development of autoimmunity.

Perspective of the GEMSTONE Consortium on Current and Future Approaches to Functional Validation for Skeletal Genetic Disease Using Cellular, Molecular and Animal-Modeling Techniques.

The availability of large human datasets for genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and the advancement of sequencing technologies have boosted the identification of genetic variants in complex and rare diseases in the skeletal field. Yet, interpreting results from human association studies remains a challenge. To bridge the gap between genetic association and causality, a systematic functional investigation is necessary.

Bone Phenotyping Approaches in Human, Mice and Zebrafish - Expert Overview of the EU Cost Action GEMSTONE ("GEnomics of MusculoSkeletal traits TranslatiOnal NEtwork").

A synoptic overview of scientific methods applied in bone and associated research fields across species has yet to be published. Experts from the EU Cost Action GEMSTONE ("GEnomics of MusculoSkeletal Traits translational Network") Working Group 2 present an overview of the routine techniques as well as clinical and research approaches employed to characterize bone phenotypes in humans and selected animal models (mice and zebrafish) of health and disease. The goal is consolidation of knowledge and a map for future research.

miRNAs as Regulators of the Early Local Response to Burn Injuries.

In burn injuries, risk factors and limitations to treatment success are difficult to assess clinically. However, local cellular responses are characterized by specific gene-expression patterns. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded, non-coding RNAs that regulate mRNA expression on a posttranscriptional level.

The "GEnomics of Musculo Skeletal Traits TranslatiOnal NEtwork": Origins, Rationale, Organization, and Prospects.

Musculoskeletal research has been enriched in the past ten years with a great wealth of new discoveries arising from genome wide association studies (GWAS). In addition to the novel factors identified by GWAS, the advent of whole-genome and whole-exome sequencing efforts in family based studies has also identified new genes and pathways. However, the function and the mechanisms by which such genes influence clinical traits remain largely unknown.

miRNA Mechanisms Underlying the Association of Beta Blocker Use and Bone Mineral Density.

Osteoporosis is a debilitating and costly disease that causes fractures in 33% of women and 20% of men over the age of 50 years. Recent studies have shown that beta blocker (BB) users have higher bone mineral density (BMD) and decreased risk of fracture compared with non-users. The mechanism underlying this association is thought to be due to suppression of adrenergic signaling in osteoblasts, which leads to increased BMD in rodent models; however, the mechanism in humans is unknown.

Diacylglycerol triggers Rim101 pathway-dependent necrosis in yeast: a model for lipotoxicity.

The loss of lipid homeostasis can lead to lipid overload and is associated with a variety of disease states. However, little is known as to how the disruption of lipid regulation or lipid overload affects cell survival. In this study we investigated how excess diacylglycerol (DG), a cardinal metabolite suspected to mediate lipotoxicity, compromises the survival of yeast cells.