Developmental immunotoxicity of ethanol in an extended one-generation reproductive toxicity study.

The susceptibility of developing immune system to chemical disruption warrants the assessment of immune parameters in reproductive and developmental testing protocols. In this study, a wide range of immune endpoints was included in an extended one-generation reproduction toxicity study (EOGRTS) design to determine the relative sensitivity of immune and developmental parameters to ethanol (EtOH), a well-known developmental toxicant with immunomodulatory properties. Adult Wistar rats were exposed to EtOH via drinking water (0, 1.

Developmental immunotoxicity in male rats after juvenile exposure to di-n-octyltin dichloride (DOTC).

To determine relevant endpoints for evaluating developmental immunotoxicity due to juvenile exposure and optimal age of the animals at assessment, a wide range of immunological parameters were assessed in a juvenile toxicity study. Rats were exposed to di-n-octyltin dichloride (DOTC) by gavage from postnatal day (PND) 10 through PND 21 and via the diet after weaning using a benchmark dose (BMD) approach. Immune assessments were performed in male rats on PNDs 21, 42, and 70 and a subset of animals was used to evaluate the T-cell dependent antibody response (TDAR) to Keyhole limpet hemocyanin.

Developmental immunotoxicity of di-n-octyltin dichloride (DOTC) in an extended one-generation reproductive toxicity study.

Developmental immunotoxicity assessment is considered ready for inclusion in developmental toxicity studies. Further evaluation of proposed and additional assays is needed to determine their utility in assessing developmental immunotoxicity. In this study, a wide range of immunological parameters was included in an extended one-generation reproductive toxicity protocol.

Developmental immunotoxicity of methylmercury: the relative sensitivity of developmental and immune parameters.

Current developmental and reproductive toxicity protocols include only a limited set of parameters for effects on the developing immune system. In this study, a wide range of immunological parameters were included in a pre- and postnatal developmental toxicity study. Dose-response data were compared to determine the relative sensitivity of different immune and developmental parameters.

Comparative reprotoxicity of three oximes.

One-generation reproductive toxicity studies have been conducted on the following three oximes: acetaldehyde oxime (AAO), aldecarb oxime (ADO), and methyl isobutyl ketoxime (MIBKO). The studies followed the OECD 415 guideline (One-Generation Reproduction Toxicity Study), with a few modifications. Rats were exposed to the test material for 10 weeks prior to mating and 2 weeks of mating.

2D and 3D assessment of neuropathology in rat brain after prenatal exposure to methylazoxymethanol, a model for developmental neurotoxicty.

To evaluate the ability of a tiered quantitative morphological approach to reveal developmental neurotoxicity, morphometric parameters were measured in the offspring of rats treated with methylazoxymethanol (MAM) during days 13-15 of pregnancy. Treatment was aimed at inhibiting the proliferation phase of hippocampal neurons while leaving cerebellar neurons unaffected. 2D and 3D assessment of brain morphology combined with straightforward measurement of brain size, weight and volume, and the usefulness of estimation of total neuron numbers were studied.

Regulatory developmental neurotoxicity testing: a model study focussing on conventional neuropathology endpoints and other perspectives.

Our aim was to investigate a model of the morphologic approach proposed in guidelines for developmental neurotoxicity testing (DNT). Hereto, a limited DNT study [EPA Health Effects Test Guidelines OPPTS 870.6300, 1996a.