A report of 5 Indian families with multicentric carpotarsal osteolysis syndrome.

Multicentric carpotarsal osteolysis syndrome (MCTO) is a rare autosomal dominant skeletal dysplasia characterised by swelling and restriction of movement in the wrist and ankle joints, as well as osteolysis of the carpal and tarsal bones, that can be misdiagnosed as juvenile idiopathic arthritis. We describe five Indian families with heterozygous nonrecurrent missense pathogenic variants in exon 1 of MAF bZIP transcription factor B (MAFB).

Enterocin LD3 from Enterococcus hirae LD3 Inhibits the Growth of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 13311 in Fruit Juice.

In order to prevent the growth of pathogens in food, bacteriocins produced by various probiotic lactic acid bacteria have been recognized as potential substitutes of chemical preservatives. In this study, enterocin LD3 was purified from the cell-free supernatant of a food isolate, Enterococcus hirae LD3 using multistep chromatography. In the fruit juice, lethal concentration (LC) of enterocin LD3 was found to be 260 µg/mL against Salmonella enterica subsp.

Leishmaniasis: Omics Approaches to Understand its Biology from Molecule to Cell Level.

Leishmaniasis is the second deadliest vector-borne, neglected tropical zoonotic disease and is found in a variety of clinical forms based on genetic background. Its endemic type is present in tropical, sub-tropical and Mediterranean areas around the world which accounts for a lot of deaths every year. Currently, a variety of techniques are available for detection of leishmaniasis each technique having it's own pros and cons.

MycoVarP: Mycobacterium Variant and Drug Resistance Prediction Pipeline for Whole-Genome Sequence Data Analysis.

Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) provides a comprehensive tool to analyze the bacterial genomes for genotype-phenotype correlations, diversity of single-nucleotide variant (SNV), and their evolution and transmission. Several online pipelines and standalone tools are available for WGS analysis of () complex (MTBC). While they facilitate the processing of WGS data with minimal user expertise, they are either too general, providing little insights into bacterium-specific issues such as gene variations, INDEL/synonymous/PE-PPE (IDP family), and drug resistance from sample data, or are limited to specific objectives, such as drug resistance.

Repurposing small molecules of against SARS-CoV-2 main protease.

Coronavirus infection is a communicable disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which emerged as a global pandemic with deteriorating effect on the world's population. Main protease (M) of SARS-CoV-2 plays a significant role in the viral replication, transcription and disease propagation as well as a potential candidate for drug discovery and development for COVID-19 infection. The current study employed state of art structure-based drug discovery to decipher the role of phytochemicals of against M.

Diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in colorectal cancer and the potential role of exosomes in drug delivery.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer with the second most frequent cause of death worldwide. One fourth to one fifth of the CRC cases are detected at advance stage. Early detection of colorectal cancer might help in decreasing mortality and morbidity worldwide.

Probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics: Safe options for next-generation therapeutics.

Probiotics have been considered as an economical and safe alternative for the treatment of a large number of chronic diseases and improvement of human health. They are known to modulate the host immunity and protect from several infectious and non-infectious diseases. The colonization, killing of pathogens and induction of host cells are few of the important probiotic attributes which affect several functions of the host.

The exploitation of host autophagy and ubiquitin machinery by in shaping immune responses and host defense during infection.

Intracellular pathogens have evolved various efficient molecular armaments to subvert innate defenses. Cellular ubiquitination, a normal physiological process to maintain homeostasis, is emerging one such exploited mechanism. Ubiquitin (Ub), a small protein modifier, is conjugated to diverse protein substrates to regulate many functions.

Specific Protein Rv1509 Evokes Efficient Innate and Adaptive Immune Response Indicative of Protective Th1 Immune Signature.

Dissecting the function(s) of proteins present exclusively in () will provide important clues regarding the role of these proteins in mycobacterial pathogenesis. Using extensive computational approaches, we shortlisted ORFs/proteins unique to among 13 different species of mycobacteria and identified a hypothetical protein Rv1509 as a 'signature protein' of . This unique protein was found to be present only in and absent in all other mycobacterial species, including BCG.

Honeybee nutrition and pollen substitutes: A review.

Like other invertebrates, honey bees too are poikilothermic animals; they cannot regulate their body temperature and they have to undergo a period of inactivation when atmospheric temperature is un-tolerable. During this period, their nutritional requirements and metabolic activities are minimized due to highly restricted foraging activities. The egg-laying by queen and rearing of unsealed and sealed brood are decreased, however their extent is governed by the quantum of stored food available.

Author Correction: Mutually exclusive locales for N-linked glycans and disorder in human glycoproteins.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Mutually exclusive locales for N-linked glycans and disorder in human glycoproteins.

Several post-translational protein modifications lie predominantly within regions of disorder: the biased localization has been proposed to expand the binding versatility of disordered regions. However, investigating a representative dataset of 500 human N-glycoproteins, we observed the sites of N-linked glycosylations or N-glycosites, to be predominantly present in the regions of predicted order. When compared with disordered stretches, ordered regions were not found to be enriched for asparagines, serines and threonines, residues that constitute the sequon signature for conjugation of N-glycans.

A Study on Knowledge and Awareness of Cervical Cancer Among Females of Rural and Urban Areas of Haryana, North India.

Lack of awareness of screening methods, risk factors, and symptoms may lead to late diagnosis and poor prognosis of cervical cancer. The plan of this study was to assess the level of awareness about cervical cancer and HPV vaccine among females of rural and urban areas of Haryana, India. This cross-sectional study was performed using a comprehensive self-designed questionnaire on 1500 women of urban (700) and rural (800) background aged 18-65 years, evaluating their knowledge for cervical cancer and screening, HPV infection and its preventive measure, and symptoms and risk factors.

A QM/MM study on ethene and benzene oxidation using silica-supported chromium trioxide.

Oxidation of ethene and benzene by chromium oxide (CrO) supported on silica (SiO) was investigated by employing hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) model calculations. Various mechanistic possibilities, such as C-H or C=C bond activation of hydrocarbons, were investigated in detail for the reaction of ethene and benzene with CrO grafted on a silica surface. While activation of the C-H bond leads to the formation of alcohol, epoxide is obtained via C=C bond activation.

Nucleotide conjugated (ZnO) cluster: Interaction and optical characteristics using TDDFT.

Binding of four DNA nucleotide units with (ZnO) cluster in an aqueous phase has been investigated using density functional theory (DFT) and time dependent-density functional theory (TDDFT) method and the stability order for (ZnO)-nucleobases/sugar/phosphate systems is predicted as phosphate > C > A > S > T ∼ G. The order of binding energy for (ZnO)-nucleotide hybrid systems is observed to be (ZnO) + nuc-C ˃ (ZnO) + nuc-A ˃ (ZnO) + nuc-G ˃ (ZnO) + nuc-T. The binding of nucleotide units with the cluster has been explained on the basis of molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) plots, hydrogen bonding, glycosidic torsion angles, density of state (DOS) plots.

Disseminated cutaneous fusariosis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patient and dramatic response with oral itraconazole.

Fusarium species are known to cause disseminated cutaneous lesions in immunocompromised patients. Some cases of fusariosis are reported in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. There are two reports in such patients with systemic comorbidities like lymphoma, neutropenia and infective port-a-catheter.

Catalytic diversity and homotropic allostery of two Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase like proteins from Trichoderma brevicompactum.

Trichothecenes are the secondary metabolites produced by Trichoderma spp. Some of these molecules have been reported for their ability to stimulate plant growth by suppressing plant diseases and hence enabling Trichoderma spp. to be efficiently used as biocontrol agents in modern agriculture.

Evolution of catalytic microenvironment governs substrate and product diversity in trichodiene synthase and other terpene fold enzymes.

Trichodiene synthase, a terpene fold enzyme catalyzes the first reaction of trichodermin biosynthesis that is an economically important secondary metabolite. Sequence search analysis revealed that the proteins containing terpene fold are present in bacteria, fungi and plants. Terpene fold protein from Selaginella moellendorffii, a lycophyte, appeared at the interface of the microbes and plants in the evolutionary scale.

Species specific substrates and products choices of 4-O-acetyltransferase from Trichoderma brevicompactum.

Antagonistic species of Trichoderma such as T. harzianum, T. viride, T.

Molecular Dynamics Simulations, Challenges and Opportunities: A Biologist's Prospective.

Molecular dynamics (MD) is a computational technique which is used to study biomolecules in virtual environment. Each of the constituent atoms represents a particle and hence the biomolecule embodies a multi-particle mechanical system analyzed within a simulation box during MD analysis. The potential energies of the atoms are explained by a mathematical expression consisting of different forces and space parameters.

Mutation pattern in the genome of and its association with multidrug-resistant isolates from Delhi, India.

Mutations in PenA, PorB, MtrE and MtrR genes responsible for antimicrobial resistance were checked in 27 drug-resistant clinical isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG). Phenotype PIB (88.88%) and mutation at G120 and A121 positions of porB were recurrent.

Spin Inversion Phenomenon and Two-State Reactivity Mechanism for Direct Benzene Hydroxylation by VO Cluster.

The direct and selective introduction of hydroxyl group into aromatic compounds remains one of the challenging problems in oxidation chemistry. Keeping in view the reported reactivity of vanadium oxide in C-H activation of saturated hydrocarbons, the study explores the reactivity of neutral VO cluster with benzene through rigorous computations performed within the formalism of density functional theory. Three possible reaction channels for the reactivity of VO cluster with benzene have been deciphered, and comprehensive understanding of all possible mechanistic pathways has been obtained by analysis of all the intermediates and transition states encountered en route.

Assessment of genotoxicity in female agricultural workers exposed to pesticides.

Objective: This study was designed to determine the genotoxic effect of exposure to a mixture of pesticides in 106 female agricultural workers employed in cotton fields from India.

Methods: Comet, micronucleus and chromosomal aberrations tests were carried out in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Micronucleus test was also performed in buccal epithelial cells.