The role of patient specific implants in the oral and maxillofacial region.

Reconstructing maxillofacial defects is quiet challenging due to the region's complex anatomy, and cosmetic and functional effects on patients. With the help of developing technologies, patient-specific implants (PSIs) using virtual surgical planning based on a Computer aided designing (CAD)/Computer aided manufacturing (CAM) platform is an evolving treatment option. PSIs can be used in patients with maxillofacial defects and reconstruction.

Modified indigenous nasal elevator for cleft lip and palate patient: A novel clinical innovation.

Pre-nasoalveolar molding (PNAM) was developed to reduce the severity of the initial cleft alveolar and nasal deformity. The nasoalveolar moulding appliance (NAM) consists of an intraoral moulding plate with nasal stents to mould the alveolar ridge and nasal cartilage concurrently. Use of the NAM technique also reduces surgical columella reconstruction and the resultant scar tissue in bilateral cleft lip and palate.

Congenital Granular Cell Tumour - Case Report and Review of Literature.

Rationale: Congenital orofacial swellings in neonates are mainly limited to vascular malformations and neuroectodermal benign tumours. Congenital granular cell tumour (CGCT) is a rare condition affecting neonates with a prevalence rate of 6 in 1 million. Our report provides a brief review of diagnosis and management.

Carotid Cavernous Fistula as a Rare and Late Complication of Maxillofacial Injury: A Brief Clinical Study.

Carotid- Cavernous Fistula (CCF) represents an aberrant vascular communication at the skull base between the high-flow carotid arterial system and the low-flow venous channels within the cavernous sinuses of the sphenoid bone. Benjamin Travers, in the year 1809, described this condition as "pulsating exophthalmos". This case is a presentation of a carotid cavernous fistula in an operated case of maxillofacial injury as a late complication.

Melanotic Neuroectodermal Tumour of Infancy - A Case Report and Review of Literature.

Rationale: Melanotic neuroectodermal tumour of infancy (MNTI) is universally described as a rare, benign, pigmented lesion which most frequently involves the maxilla. Its origin is well established to be in the neural crest cells. Due to the high recurrence rate and aggressive behaviour mimicking malignancy, it poses a great challenge in their diagnosis, treatment planning, and prognosis.

Surgical Challenges in the Management of Post COVID-19 Midface Mucormycosis (PCoMM): An Institutional Protocol.

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has posed another serious threat, mucormycosis infection, affecting the maxilla and orbitocerebral region. This condition has not spared world population from its merciless claws. This article addresses the challenges faced by the maxillofacial surgeons in setting the protocols from preoperative diagnosis, surgical management to postoperative care, including short-term and long-term rehabilitation.

Oral amyloidosis: A case report and diagnostic algorithm.

Background: Amyloidosis is a distressing and infrequent condition caused by accumulation of abnormally folded proteins as aggregates in the extracellular tissue spaces of the body, leading to destruction of organ structure and function. Presentation of Oral Amyloidosis is generally a rare phenomenon, tongue being the most common site to manifest the disease process. Accurate recognition of the amyloid protein and its sub typing is absolutely critical for clinical management and to assess prognosis such as to avoid misdiagnosis and unwanted, potentially harmful treatment.

Partly deepithelialised palatal graft for the treatment of deep-wide palatal recession defect: simplified protocol with 18-month follow-up.

Advances in periodontal plastic surgical procedures have led to achieve predictable root coverage outcomes for the recession defects. However, little has been reported and emphasised over management of palatal recession defects. The root coverage surgical procedures used for coverage of palatal recession defect are technically challenging in terms of accessibility and graft coverage.

Intraosseous adenoid cystic carcinoma of the mandible: A rare presentation.

Central adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the mandible is a rare entity arising from minor salivary glands. Their clinical and radiographic features may be similar to any odontogenic/nonodontogenic pathology, thus making their precise diagnosis wearisome. ACC is well documented for its protracted clinical course, perineural invasion, multiple recurrence rates and its propensity for distant metastases.

Histopathological Evaluation of Inferior Alveolar Neurovascular Bundle in Cases of Trigeminal Neuralgia.

Background: Trigeminal neuralgia is a painful disease that has been afflicting mankind since time immemorial. The etiology and pathophysiology have been widely studied but poorly understood. There are well-documented researches analyzing ultrastructural changes in trigeminal root specimens obtained following microvascular decompression surgery.

Styloid-stylohyoid syndrome: a rare cause of cranio-facial pain-a retrospective case series of 12 patients.

Purpose: Elongated styloid process results in severe cranio-facial/cervico-facial pain. The purpose of this study is to determine the efficacy of treatment outcomes using transcervical approach in the management of styloid-stylohyoid syndrome/styloid syndrome.

Study Design: This is a retrospective cohort study.

The efficacy of dextrose prolotherapy over placebo for temporomandibular joint hypermobility: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: The aim of the systematic review was to analyse the available evidence in order to assess the efficacy of dextrose prolotherapy in improving outcomes in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) hypermobility patients as compared to placebo.

Methods: An electronic search of PubMed, Scopus, CENTRAL and Google scholar databases was performed for English language papers published up to February 2018. Randomised clinical trials (RCTs) and controlled clinical trials (CCTs) comparing dextrose prolotherapy with placebo for TMJ hypermobility were included.

Comparative Histomorphometric Evaluation of Healthy and Ankylosed Mandibular Condylar Process.

Background: Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis is one of the most disruptive maladies afflicting the masticatory system. The characteristic feature is the formation of bony mass bridging condyle with glenoid fossa. The exact pathogenesis is, however, not completely understood.

Changes in posterior airway space and mandibular plane hyoid distance following mandibular advancement DO.

Aim: To study the changes in posterior airway space (PAS) and mandibular plane hyoid (MPH) distance following mandibular advancement using distraction osteogenesis (DO).

Subjects And Methods: A prospective study was conducted at a tertiary care dental center from May 2009 to May 2014. Twenty-five consecutively operated patients of mandibular hypoplasia who underwent mandibular advancement using distraction with at least 12 months follow-up were included in the study.

Radiological evaluation of sphenozygomatic suture fixation for restoration of orbital volume: A retrospective study.

Purpose: Lateral displacement of fracture zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) can cause significant increase in orbital volume leading to enophthalmos. The aim of this study was to radiologically evaluate the efficacy of sphenozygomatic (SZ) suture fixation for restoration of orbital volume after elevation of the temporalis in cases of fracture ZMC where the fixation of zygomatic arch (ZA) was deemed necessary through latero-posterior approach.

Materials & Methods: 43 operated cases of fracture ZMC using 4-point fixation were divided into two groups.

Oro-Nasal Communication.

Breach in the palatal vault leading to an abnormal communication between oral and nasal cavity is known as oro-nasal communication. It is an uncommon presentation in day-to-day clinical practice except in some patients of cleft lip and palate.Etiology may be congenital or acquired.

Is Delayed Release of Superior Oblique Muscle Entrapment in Orbital Roof Fracture Worth Correcting?

Acquired Brown's syndrome is a rare entity. Delay in treatment can cause fibrosis or scarring with questionable prognosis of vertical diplopia. To the best of the knowledge of the authors the present case of 22-year-old male is the first in existing literature where delayed release of superior oblique muscle entrapment in orbital roof fracture was found to be an effective technique.

Use of Superficial Temporal Fascia Flap for Treatment of Postradiation Trismus: An Innovation.

Post radiation trismus severely reduces the quality of life. Radiation causes fibrosis of muscles of mastication resulting in severe restriction of mouth opening. Treatment options are limited as most of the local flaps are in the radiation zone.

Role of intraoral distractors in management of cranial synostosis: An initial experience.

Objective: The objective of the following study is to evaluate the results of strip craniectomy with distraction osteogenesis, using the intraoral distractor devices, as a modality of treatment for craniosynostosis.

Materials And Methods: Two cases of cranial synostosis were selected for this study. The cases were operated for strip craniectomy with distraction osteogenesis using a pair of miniaturized intraoral distractor devices.

Maxillary distraction osteogenesis in cleft lip and palate cases with midface hypoplasia using rigid external distractor: an alternative technique.

Background: Patients with operated cleft lip and palate present with a problem of midface hypoplasia, and such patients have been traditionally treated with orthognathic surgery. Such a procedure has its own limitations of relapse and hence a newer modality of distraction osteogenesis with histiogenesis can be chosen to overcome such limitations for midfacial advancement. The purpose of this study is to evaluate an alternative technique and its postoperative stability in maxillary distraction osteogenesis in patients of cleft lip and cleft palate using a rigid external device (RED).

Selecting reconstruction option for TMJ ankylosis: a surgeon's dilemma.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the outcome of reconstruction options adopted for the management of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis.

Patients And Methods: This retrospective cohort study consisted of a sample of patients with TMJ ankylosis diagnosed clinically and radiologically. Depending upon the reconstruction provided, the cases were divided into 2 groups.