How to keep up with the analysis of classic and emerging neurotoxins: Age-resolved fitness tests in the animal model - a step-by-step protocol.

The global chemical inventory includes neurotoxins that are mostly interrogated concerning the biological response in developing organisms. Effects of pollutants on adults receive less attention, although vulnerabilities can be expected throughout the entire life span in young, middle-aged and old individuals. We use the animal model to systematically quantify neurological outcomes by application of an age-resolved method.

Microparticle formulations alter the toxicity of fenofibrate to the zebrafish Danio rerio embryo.

A wide variety of active pharmaceutical ingredients are released into the environment and pose a threat to aquatic organisms. Drug products using micro- and nanoparticle technology can lower these emissions into the environment by their increased bioavailability to the human patients. However, due to this enhanced efficacy, micro- and nanoscale drug delivery systems can potentially display an even higher toxicity, and thus also pose a risk to non-target organisms.

Predicting the environmental emissions arising from conventional and nanotechnology-related pharmaceutical drug products.

Today, environmental pollution with pharmaceutical drugs and their metabolites poses a major threat to the aquatic ecosystems. Active substances such as fenofibrate, are processed to pharmaceutical drug formulations before they are degraded by the human body and released into the wastewater. Compared to the conventional product Lipidil® 200, the pharmaceutical product Lipidil 145 One® and Ecocaps take advantage of nanotechnology to improve uptake and bioavailability of the drug in humans.

Evaluation of potential environmental toxicity of polymeric nanomaterials and surfactants.

Nanomaterials have gained huge importance in various fields including nanomedicine. Nanoformulations of drugs and nanocarriers are used to increase pharmaceutical potency. However, it was seen that polymeric nanomaterials can cause negative effects.