Identification of a targetable KRAS-mutant epithelial population in non-small cell lung cancer.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths. Tumor heterogeneity, which hampers development of targeted therapies, was herein deconvoluted via single cell RNA sequencing in aggressive human adenocarcinomas (carrying Kras-mutations) and comparable murine model. We identified a tumor-specific, mutant-KRAS-associated subpopulation which is conserved in both human and murine lung cancer.

Prevalence of tuberculosis among tribes aged 15 and above in Tamil Nadu. A community based cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health problem in India, particularly with very limited information on TB among the tribes. This cross sectional descriptive study aims to estimate the prevalence of TB among tribal groups; understand the socio cultural determinants as risk factors for TB, and understand the knowledge attitude and practices regarding TB among Tribal population.

Materials And Method: A multistage cluster sampling design was adopted.

The Role of Prep1 in the Regulation of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells.

Molecular mechanisms governing cell fate decision events in bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are still poorly understood. Herein, we investigated the homeobox gene as a candidate regulatory molecule, by adopting hypomorphic mice as a model to investigate the effects of downregulation, using in vitro and in vivo assays, including the innovative single cell RNA sequencing technology. Taken together, our findings indicate that low levels of are associated to enhanced adipogenesis and a concomitant reduced osteogenesis in the bone marrow, suggesting Prep1 as a potential regulator of the adipo-osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells.

Fluorescence imaging of biochemical relationship between ubiquitinated histone 2A and Polycomb complex protein BMI1.

Several in vitro experiments have highlighted that the Polycomb group protein BMI1 plays a pivotal role in determining the biological functions of the Polycomb Repressor Complex 1 (PRC1), including its E3-ligase activity towards the Lys of histone H2A to yield ubiquitinated uH2A. The role of BMI1 in the epigenetic activity of PRC1 is particularly relevant in several cancers, particularly Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). In this study, using indirect immunofluorescence protocols implemented on a confocal microscopy apparatus, we investigated the relationship between BMI1 and uH2A at different resolutions, in cultured (A549) and clinical NSCLC tissues, at the single cell level.

Mapping Distinct Bone Marrow Niche Populations and Their Differentiation Paths.

The bone marrow microenvironment is composed of heterogeneous cell populations of non-hematopoietic cells with complex phenotypes and undefined trajectories of maturation. Among them, mesenchymal cells maintain the production of stromal, bone, fat, and cartilage cells. Resolving these unique cellular subsets within the bone marrow remains challenging.

Evidence based interventions and implementation gaps in control of tuberculosis: A systematic review in low and middle-income countries with special focus on India.

We synthesised the findings of intervention studies on Tuberculosis control (TC) in low- and middle-income countries with specific reference to India through a systematic review during the period 2000-2017 in order to identify the implementation gap. The research questions were framed using PICOS (population, intervention, comparison, outcomes and study design) framework and PRISMA (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses) guidelines were used for study selection. The search was mainly carried out in MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Knowledge and Cochrane libraries.

Single-Cell Transcriptomics of Human and Mouse Lung Cancers Reveals Conserved Myeloid Populations across Individuals and Species.

Tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells (TIMs) comprise monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and neutrophils, and have emerged as key regulators of cancer growth. These cells can diversify into a spectrum of states, which might promote or limit tumor outgrowth but remain poorly understood. Here, we used single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to map TIMs in non-small-cell lung cancer patients.

Fatty acid synthase mediates EGFR palmitoylation in EGFR mutated non-small cell lung cancer.

Metabolic reprogramming is widely known as a hallmark of cancer cells to allow adaptation of cells to sustain survival signals. In this report, we describe a novel oncogenic signaling pathway exclusively acting in mutated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with acquired tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) resistance. Mutated EGFR mediates TKI resistance through regulation of the fatty acid synthase (FASN), which produces 16-C saturated fatty acid palmitate.

Enhanced production of laccase from Coriolus versicolor NCIM 996 by nutrient optimization using response surface methodology.

Plackett and Burman design criterion and central composite design were applied successfully for enhanced production of laccase by Coriolus versicolor NCIM 996 for the first time. Plackett and Burman design criterion was applied to screen the significance of ten nutrients on laccase production by C. versicolor NCIM 996.