Eco-biofabrication of silver nanoparticles from Azadirachta indica, Gymnema sylvestre, and Moringa oleifera for lung cancer treatment.

Introduction: Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) derived from natural sources have garnered significant attention due to their unique properties and eco-friendly production methods. With lung cancer remaining a major global health issue, there is a continuous need for novel and effective therapeutic approaches beyond conventional treatments such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapies.

Objective: This study aims to synthesize AgNPs using plant extracts from Gymnema sylvestre, Moringa oleifera, and Azadirachta indica and to evaluate their anticancer activity, particularly their effects on gene expression in A549 lung cancer cells.

Facial Nerve Preserving Subtotal Excision for Large Vestibular Schwannoma: An Institution-Based Functional Outcome Study.

Background: The ideal goal of treatment for medium to large vestibular schwannoma is complete tumor removal with preservation of all cranial nerves. However, despite the advancements in microsurgery and intraoperative monitoring, the risk of facial nerve dysfunction following total resection varies between 31% and 57%. Currently, the goal of treatment for large tumors is shifting from total excision to facial nerve preservation.

Role of substance P in cerebral edema and association with an estimated specific gravity of the brain and an outcome prediction in post-traumatic cerebral edema.

Purpose: The study aims to evaluate the role of substance P in cerebral edema and outcomes associated with acute TBI.

Method: Patients with acute TBI who presented within 6 h and a CT scan showed predominantly cerebral edema were included in the study. Substance P level was assessed from a serum sample collected within 6 h of trauma.

Incidence, risk factors and impact of anemia after elective neurosurgery: A retrospective cohort study.

Objectives: Anemia after surgery is common and is associated with adverse clinical outcomes. Understanding the incidence and risk factors for postoperative anemia is important to reduce anemia-related complications and blood transfusion. There is lack of data regarding postoperative anemia and its contributing factors in neurosurgery.

Bacterial diversity of a floating vegetation (Phumdi) of Loktak Lake and its extracellular enzymes and bacterial antagonistic property.

134 bacterial strains were isolated from phumdis of Loktak Lake. Through 16S rRNA sequencing, Bacillus sp. (23, 17.

Neurotrauma clinicians' perspectives on the contextual challenges associated with traumatic brain injury follow up in low-income and middle-income countries: A reflexive thematic analysis.

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major global health issue, but low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) face the greatest burden. Significant differences in neurotrauma outcomes are recognised between LMICs and high-income countries. However, outcome data is not consistently nor reliably recorded in either setting, thus the true burden of TBI cannot be accurately quantified.

Gender Differences in Perceived Stress among Neurosurgeons: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Purpose: Surgeons are subjected to enhanced levels of work-related stress and women are likely to face unique challenges due to sub-optimal representation. The present study was conceived with a primary objective to study the gender differences faced by surgeons and neurosurgeons in particular. The secondary objective was to assess the correlation between the various stress inducers and busters of normal working and daily life and the mental state of neurosurgeons.

Traumatic brain injury during COVID-19 pandemic-time-series analysis of a natural experiment.

Objectives: This study aims to find if the incidence and pattern of traumatic brain injury (TBI) changed during the COVID-19pandemic. We also aim to build an explanatory model for change in TBI incidence using Google community mobility and alcohol sales data.

Design: A retrospective time-series analysis.

Spinal astroblastoma: a rare tumour in an unusual location.

Astroblastomas are central nervous system tumours with unknown cell of origin and clinical behaviour. These tumours occur most commonly in cerebral hemispheres with spinal astroblastomas being very rare. We report a case of spinal astroblastoma which harboured MN1 alteration.

Rare Consequence of Pituitary Apoplexy Surgery: Artery of Percheron Infarction.

Management of pituitary apoplexy is multimodal. The surgical intervention followed by endocrinological management is the standard of care. Various vascular complications have been described in the literature after pituitary adenoma surgery.

Cysticercal brain abscess: a distinct entity mimicking pyogenic brain abscess in the colloidal vesicular stage.

Cysticercal brain abscess is a rare entity with the clinical presentation and radiological findings closely mimicking a pyogenic abscess. We report three cases of cysticercal abscess presenting as solitary lesion in the brain with radiological appearance like an abscess. All the patients underwent excision of the lesion with histopathological diagnosis of cysticercal brain abscess with evidence of cysticerci in the colloidal vesicular stage.

The risks factor of recurrence after skull base hemangiopericytoma management: A retrospective case series and review of literature.

Objectives: Skull base hemangiopericytomas are rare malignant meningothelial tumors involving anterior, middle, and posterior cranial fossa. The outcome of these tumors is inferior due to aggressive behavior and local recurrence. The study aimed to find out the factors affecting the early recurrence and the late recurrence.

Orbitofrontal Extradural Hematoma: Unusual Cause of Proptosis.

Introduction: Frontal extradural hematoma (EDH) extending into orbit is an uncommon entity. Clinical presentation can be subacutely progressive proptosis following head injury.

Case Presentation: We present a case of frontal EDH with orbital extension which had delayed progressive proptosis.

Decompressive craniotomy: an international survey of practice.

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and stroke have devastating consequences and are major global public health issues. For patients that require a cerebral decompression after suffering a TBI or stroke, a decompressive craniectomy (DC) is the most commonly performed operation. However, retrospective non-randomized studies suggest that a decompressive craniotomy (DCO; also known as hinge or floating craniotomy), where a bone flap is replaced but not rigidly fixed, has comparable outcomes to DC.

Neurotrauma clinicians' perspectives on the contextual challenges associated with long-term follow-up following traumatic brain injury in low-income and middle-income countries: a qualitative study protocol.

Introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a global public health concern; however, low/middle-income countries (LMICs) face the greatest burden. The WHO recognises the significant differences between patient outcomes following injuries in high-income countries versus those in LMICs. Outcome data are not reliably recorded in LMICs and despite improved injury surveillance data, data on disability and long-term functional outcomes remain poorly recorded.

Real time data analysis of face mask detection and social distance measurement using Matlab.

This paper describes mask detection using Matlab when complex images in the dataset. Matlab specified the Faster R-CNN algorithm and Dataset allotment for mask detection. This paper manages complex pictures using facial recognition packages.

Unusual Complication of a Neglected Growing Skull Fracture.

Introduction: The growing skull fracture (GSF) is a rare complication seen after head injury in infants and young children. It occurs due to a wide skull defect with underlying dural defect and changes in pressure gradients within skull cavity. Neglected cases may develop progressive neurological deficits and complications after second head trauma.

Management of choroid plexus tumours: A comprehensive study from a tertiary hospital.

Objective: Choroid plexus tumours (CPT) are rare intraventricular tumours representing less than 0.5 % of brain tumours. The tumour is commonly located in the supratentorial region, but the location varies depending on the age.

Transcranial approach for pituitary adenomas - An evaluation of surgical approaches over two decades and factors influencing peri-operative morbidity.

Purpose: Transcranial surgery(TCS) for pituitary adenoma(PA) is mostly reserved for lesions with widespread extensions. We sought to analyse the intraoperative challenges, morbidity and the factors associated with morbidity of transcranial approaches, in a large series from a tertiary neurosurgical institute.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 137 patients who underwent TCS for PA in our institute.

Endoscopic intervention for intraventricular neurocysticercal cyst: Challenges and outcome analysis from a single institute experience.

Objective: Endoscopic intervention is presently proposed as standard approach for the treatment of Intraventricular neurocysticercal cyst (IVNCC) as it helps to retrieve the cyst as well as CSF diversion. We present our series of 61 patients with IVNCC managed by endoscopic intervention and analyze the outcome.

Method: A retrospective analysis of 61 patients with IVNCC managed between 1998-2019 at our institute was performed.

Management of Rehabilitation needs of "Unknown" Traumatic Brain Injury Survivors: A Medical and Psychiatric Social Work Perspective.

Traumatic brain injuries [TBI] caused by road traffic accidents [RTA] are a serious health problem for people of all countries across the globe. RTA will be a leading cause of mortality, morbidity, disabilities and creating many rehabilitation needs. Hence, this, article highlights the clinical concerns, burden, challenges, role of medical and psychiatric social worker, rehabilitation strategies and practical guidelines needed for successful rehabilitation of the unknown and abandoned TBI survivors.

Circulating MicroRNAs as Potential Molecular Biomarkers for Intracranial Aneurysmal Rupture.

Introduction: Diagnosis of the rupture of an intracranial aneurysm (IA) relies on sophisticated neuro-imaging studies, and molecular biomarkers to identify an IA or predict its rupture are still unavailable.

Objective: Our objective was to determine the plasma microRNA (miRNA) expression profile in patients with ruptured IA presenting as aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) and identify potential biomarkers of aneurysmal rupture.

Methods: Plasma miRNA profiling was carried out using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in 20 patients with aSAH and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy controls.