Temporal evaluation of efficacy and quality of tissue repair upon laser-activated sealing.

Injuries caused by surgical incisions or traumatic lacerations compromise the structural and functional integrity of skin. Immediate approximation and robust repair of skin are critical to minimize occurrences of dehiscence and infection that can lead to impaired healing and further complication. Light-activated skin sealing has emerged as an alternative to sutures, staples, and superficial adhesives, which do not integrate with tissues and are prone to scarring and infection.

Utility of high-resolution ultrasound in measuring subcutaneous fat thickness.

Objective: Previous studies conclude that high-resolution ultrasound (HRUS) enables noninvasive and accurate measurements of subcutaneous fat thickness. The primary objective of this cross-sectional study was to better characterize subcutaneous fat thickness measurements in a diverse patient population using HRUS. Secondarily, we sought to correlate these measurements with patients' body image.

Ultrasound for Aesthetic Applications: A Review of Biophysical Mechanisms and Safety.

Aesthetic ultrasound is used for fat reduction and to improve skin appearance. In this review, the fundamental mechanisms by which ultrasound can alter tissue are outlined. The technologies that are commercially available or under development are discussed.

Utility of a High-Resolution Superficial Diagnostic Ultrasound System for Assessing Skin Thickness: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Compared with other imaging modalities, ultrasound is relatively deeply penetrating and can be used to evaluate deep dermal and subcutaneous structures.

Objective: Image skin thickness of the face and neck using high-frequency diagnostic ultrasound devices.

Materials And Methods: Skin overlying 20 different predesignated face and neck anatomic sites in 32 individuals was imaged using 2 commercially available high-frequency diagnostic ultrasound devices, a dedicated imaging device and a diagnostic device bundled with a therapeutic device.

Subcutaneous infiltration of carbon dioxide (carboxytherapy) for abdominal fat reduction: A randomized clinical trial.

Background: Noninvasive fat removal is preferred because of decreased downtime and lower perceived risk. It is important to seek new noninvasive fat removal treatments that are both safe and efficacious.

Objective: To assess the extent to which carboxytherapy, which is the insufflation of carbon dioxide gas into subcutaneous fat, results in reduction of fat volume.

Multiplex real-time PCR detection and relative quantification of periodontal pathogens.

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease, which is strongly associated with certain pathogenic bacteria. The aim of this study was to develop a real-time multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to detect and quantify bacterial species associated with periodontitis. We targeted detection and relative quantification of the following five bacterial species relevant to periodontal diseases: , , , , and .

In vivo demonstration of ultrasound power delivery to charge implanted medical devices via acute and survival porcine studies.

Animal studies are an important step in proving the utility and safety of an ultrasound based implanted battery recharging system. To this end an Ultrasound Electrical Recharging System (USER™) was developed and tested. Experiments in vitro demonstrated power deliveries at the battery of up to 600 mW through 10-15 mm of tissue, 50 mW of power available at tissue depths of up to 50 mm, and the feasibility of using transducers bonded to titanium as used in medical implants.

Developing technology-enhanced active learning for medical education: challenges, solutions, and future directions.

Growing up in an era of video games and Web-based applications has primed current medical students to expect rapid, interactive feedback. To address this need, the A.T.

Use of real-time physiologic parameter assessment to augment osteopathic manipulative treatment training for first-year osteopathic medical students.

Context: The first 2 years of osteopathic medical school involve training in osteopathic principles and practice, including understanding the tenets of osteopathic medicine and developing palpatory skills for clinical application. Although this training emphasizes the link between somatic dysfunction and physiologic function, it does not include the opportunity for students to quantitatively assess the physiologic effect of osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) using physiologic measurements.

Objective: To evaluate an approach for integrated OMT training coupled with physiologic measurements of relevant parameters, whereby first-year osteopathic medical students assess the quantitative, real-time changes in specific physiologic signals during instruction.

Assessment of skin blood flow following spinal manual therapy: a systematic review.

Skin blood flow (SBF) indexes have been used to describe physiological mechanisms associated with spinal manual therapy (SMT). The aims of the current review were to assess methods for data collection, assess how investigators interpreted SBF changes, and formulate recommendations to advance manual medicine research. A database search was performed in PubMed, Cochrane Library, the Physiotherapy Evidence Database, and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature through April 2014.

Antibacterial efficacy testing of a bioelectric wound dressing against clinical wound pathogens.

Silver-based wound dressings have been developed for the control of bioburden in wounds. However, the popularity and extensive use of silver-based dressings has been associated with emerging microbial resistances to silver. In this study we examined in vitro antibacterial efficacy of a bioelectric dressing containing silver and zinc against various wound pathogens.

Training and use of lasers in postgraduate orthodontic programs in the United States and Canada.

This study was designed to determine if orthodontic residents are being trained to use lasers in the postgraduate orthodontic residency programs of the United States and Canada. An anonymous electronic survey was sent to the program director/chair of each of the seventy orthodontic residency programs, and thirty-seven (53 percent) of the programs responded. Of these thirty-seven programs, twenty-eight (76 percent) reported providing patient treatment with lasers in the orthodontic graduate program, eight (22 percent) said they do not provide treatment in the orthodontic graduate program, and one program (3 percent) reported providing laser training but not using lasers on patients.

Overview of therapeutic ultrasound applications and safety considerations.

Applications of ultrasound in medicine for therapeutic purposes have been accepted and beneficial uses of ultrasonic biological effects for many years. Low-power ultrasound of about 1 MHz has been widely applied since the 1950s for physical therapy in conditions such as tendinitis and bursitis. In the 1980s, high-pressure-amplitude shock waves came into use for mechanically resolving kidney stones, and "lithotripsy" rapidly replaced surgery as the most frequent treatment choice.

Treatment of rabbit liver cancer in vivo using miniaturized image-ablate ultrasound arrays.

In the preclinical studies reported here, VX2 cancer within rabbit liver has been treated by bulk ultrasound ablation employing miniaturized image-ablate arrays. Array probes were constructed with 32 elements in a 2.3 × 20 mm(2) aperture, packaged within a 3.

Intense focused ultrasound: evaluation of a new treatment modality for precise microcoagulation within the skin.

Background And Objective: Focused ultrasound can produce thermal and/or mechanical effects deep within tissue. We investigated the capability of intense focused ultrasound to induce precise and predictable subepidermal thermal damage in human skin.

Materials And Methods: Postmortem human skin samples were exposed to a range of focused ultrasound pulses, using a prototype device (Ulthera Inc.

Selective transcutaneous delivery of energy to porcine soft tissues using Intense Ultrasound (IUS).

Objective: Various energy delivery systems have been utilized to treat superficial rhytids in the aging face. The Intense Ultrasound System (IUS) is a novel modality capable of transcutaneously delivering controlled thermal energy at various depths while sparing the overlying tissues. The purpose of this feasibility study was to evaluate the response of porcine tissues to various IUS energy source conditions.

Clinical pilot study of intense ultrasound therapy to deep dermal facial skin and subcutaneous tissues.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical safety of intense ultrasound in the treatment of the dermis and subcutaneous tissues of the face and neck in terms of skin inflammation, pain, adverse events, and histologic features.

Design: In an open-label, phase 1 study, patients scheduled to undergo a rhytidectomy were enrolled into immediate (face-lift surgery within 24 hours of intense ultrasound treatment) and delayed (face-lift surgery 4-12 weeks after treatment) treatment groups. Intense ultrasound treatments were performed as a series of several linear exposures delivered 1.

Selective creation of thermal injury zones in the superficial musculoaponeurotic system using intense ultrasound therapy: a new target for noninvasive facial rejuvenation.

Objectives: To transcutaneously deliver intense ultrasound (IUS) energy to target the facial superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS), to produce discrete thermal injury zones (TIZs) in the SMAS, and to demonstrate the relative sparing of adjacent nontargeted layers superficial and deep to the SMAS layer.

Methods: In 6 unfixed human cadaveric specimens, the SMAS layer was visualized and targeted using the ultrasound imaging component of the IUS device. Using 2 IUS handpieces, 202 exposure lines were delivered bilaterally in multiple facial regions by varying combinations of power and exposure time (0.

Miniaturized ultrasound arrays for interstitial ablation and imaging.

A potential alternative to extracorporeal, noninvasive HIFU therapy is minimally invasive intense ultrasound ablation that can be performed laparoscopically or percutaneously. An approach to minimally invasive ablation of soft tissue using miniaturized linear ultrasound arrays is presented here. Recently developed 32-element arrays with aperture 2.

Bulk ablation of soft tissue with intense ultrasound: modeling and experiments.

Methods for the bulk ablation of soft tissue using intense ultrasound, with potential applications in the thermal treatment of focal tumors, are presented. An approximate analytic model for bulk ablation predicts the progress of ablation based on tissue properties, spatially averaged ultrasonic heat deposition, and perfusion. The approximate model allows the prediction of threshold acoustic powers required for ablation in vivo as well as the comparison of cases with different starting temperatures and perfusion characteristics, such as typical in vivo and ex vivo experiments.