Geochemical variation between surface and subsurface soils and relationship to chronic kidney disease in North Central Province, Sri Lanka.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the North Central Province (NCP), Sri Lanka, is becoming a major cause of national burden with high mortality and morbidity. The origins of these kidney diseases are unknown, and the exact aetiology is not yet understood. Therefore, as an attempt to understand the effect of soil characteristics towards the disease, soil of surface (n = 25) and subsurface (50 cm depth, n = 25 of each) was collected from Horowpothana (HWP n = 50), Kabithigollawa (KBG n = 50), Medawachchiya (MWC n = 50) and Padaviya (PDW n = 50) of the NCP, where the highest number of patients is recorded.