Sleep Disturbance in Chronic Rhinitis: Evaluation of Nasal Symptoms, Sleep Disorder Questionnaires, and Sleep Architecture in Allergic and Non-allergic Rhinitis in Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital.

Chronic rhinitis is often associated with sleep disturbance and daytime sleepiness. Disturbance in sleep impairs numerous metabolic processes and brain function. However, there is a paucity of data regarding the evaluation of nasal symptoms and sleep disturbance in chronic rhinitis, either allergic or non-allergic group.

Nucleotide mutation analyses of isolated lentogenic newcastle disease virus in live bird market.

Newcastle Disease (ND) is a major viral disease in Indonesia. It is an RNA virus belongs to Paramyxovirinae. It is well known that RNA virus is easily to mutate.