Recent Advances in 1D Nanostructure Assembly and Direct Integration Methods for Device Applications.

In recent years, 1D nanostructure-based devices have achieved widespread usage in various fields, such as sensors, energy harvesters, transistors, and electrodes owing to their exceptional and distinct properties. The pioneering work of Dr. R.

A chromosome-level genome assembly of the Korean minipig (Sus scrofa).

Recent advancements in sequencing and genome assembly technologies have led to rapid generation of high-quality genome assemblies for various species and breeds. Despite the importance as minipigs an animal model in biomedical research, the construction of high-quality genome assemblies of minipigs still lags behind other pig breeds. To address this problem, we constructed a high-quality chromosome-level genome assembly of the Korean minipig (KMP) utilizing multiple different types of sequencing reads and reference genomes.

Identification and characterization of structural variants related to meat quality in pigs using chromosome-level genome assemblies.

Background: Many studies have been performed to identify various genomic loci and genes associated with the meat quality in pigs. However, the full genetic architecture of the trait still remains unclear in part because of the lack of accurate identification of related structural variations (SVs) which resulted from the shortage of target breeds, the limitations of sequencing data, and the incompleteness of genome assemblies. The recent generation of a new pig breed with superior meat quality, called Nanchukmacdon, and its chromosome-level genome assembly (the NCMD assembly) has provided new opportunities.

A chromosome-level genome assembly of the Korean crossbred pig Nanchukmacdon (Sus scrofa).

As plentiful high-quality genome assemblies have been accumulated, reference-guided genome assembly can be a good approach to reconstruct a high-quality assembly. Here, we present a chromosome-level genome assembly of the Korean crossbred pig called Nanchukmacdon (the NCMD assembly) using the reference-guided assembly approach with short and long reads. The NCMD assembly contains 20 chromosome-level scaffolds with a total size of 2.

Association of functional sequence variants of the gene with muscle collagen content in pigs.

This study examined the association between functional sequence variants (FSVs) of () genotypes and collagen content in a Landrace and Jeju native pig (JNP) crossbred population. Four muscles (, , , and ) were used for the analysis of meat collagen content, and the same animals were genotyped for the FSVs of the gene by using PCR-RFLP (polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism). Three FSVs of genotypes were identified and had genotype frequencies of 0.

Deep-learning-based gas identification by time-variant illumination of a single micro-LED-embedded gas sensor.

Electronic nose (e-nose) technology for selectively identifying a target gas through chemoresistive sensors has gained much attention for various applications, such as smart factory and personal health monitoring. To overcome the cross-reactivity problem of chemoresistive sensors to various gas species, herein, we propose a novel sensing strategy based on a single micro-LED (μLED)-embedded photoactivated (μLP) gas sensor, utilizing the time-variant illumination for identifying the species and concentrations of various target gases. A fast-changing pseudorandom voltage input is applied to the μLED to generate forced transient sensor responses.

Nanowatt-Level Photoactivated Gas Sensor Based on Fully-Integrated Visible MicroLED and Plasmonic Nanomaterials.

Photoactivated gas sensors that are fully integrated with micro light-emitting diodes (µLED) have shown great potential to substitute conventional micro/nano-electromechanical (M/NEMS) gas sensors owing to their low power consumption, high mechanical stability, and mass-producibility. Previous photoactivated gas sensors mostly have utilized ultra-violet (UV) light (250-400 nm) for activating high-bandgap metal oxides, although energy conversion efficiencies of gallium nitride (GaN) LEDs are maximized in the blue range (430-470 nm). This study presents a more advanced monolithic photoactivated gas sensor based on a nanowatt-level, ultra-low-power blue (λ  = 435 nm) µLED platform (µLP).

Drastic Gas Sensing Selectivity in 2-Dimensional MoS Nanoflakes by Noble Metal Decoration.

Noble metal nanoparticle decoration is a representative strategy to enhance selectivity for fabricating chemical sensor arrays based on the 2-dimensional (2D) semiconductor material, represented by molybdenum disulfide (MoS). However, the mechanism of selectivity tuning by noble metal decoration on 2D materials has not been fully elucidated. Here, we successfully decorated noble metal nanoparticles on MoS flakes by the solution process without using reducing agents.

Low-Power, Multi-Transduction Nanosensor Array for Accurate Sensing of Flammable and Toxic Gases.

Toxic and flammable gases pose a major safety risk in industrial settings; thus, their portable sensing is desired, which requires sensors with fast response, low-power consumption, and accurate detection. Herein, a low-power, multi-transduction array is presented for the accurate sensing of flammable and toxic gases. Specifically, four different sensors are integrated on a micro-electro-mechanical-systems platform consisting of bridge-type microheaters.

Ultra-Low-Power E-Nose System Based on Multi-Micro-LED-Integrated, Nanostructured Gas Sensors and Deep Learning.

As interests in air quality monitoring related to environmental pollution and industrial safety increase, demands for gas sensors are rapidly increasing. Among various gas sensor types, the semiconductor metal oxide (SMO)-type sensor has advantages of high sensitivity, low cost, mass production, and small size but suffers from poor selectivity. To solve this problem, electronic nose (e-nose) systems using a gas sensor array and pattern recognition are widely used.

Loss of Monoallelic Expression of in the Adult Liver Alternative Promoter Usage and Chromatin Reorganization.

In mammals, genomic imprinting operates gene silencing mechanisms. Although conservation of the imprinting mechanism at the / locus has been generally described in pigs, tissue-specific imprinting at the transcript level, monoallelic-to-biallelic conversion, and spatio-temporal chromatin reorganization remain largely uninvestigated. Here, we delineate spatially regulated imprinting of transcripts, age-dependent hepatic mono- to biallelic conversion, and reorganization of topologically associating domains at the porcine locus for better translation to human and animal research.

Multi-omics approaches for comprehensive analysis and understanding of the immune response in the miniature pig breed.

The porcine immune system has an important role in pre-clinical studies together with understanding the biological response mechanisms before entering into clinical trials. The size distribution of the Korean minipig is an important feature that make this breed ideal for biomedical research and safe practice in post clinical studies. The extremely tiny (ET) minipig serves as an excellent model for various biomedical research studies, but the comparatively frail and vulnerable immune response to the environment over its Large (L) size minipig breed leads to additional after born care.

Artificial Olfactory Neuron for an In-Sensor Neuromorphic Nose.

A neuromorphic module of an electronic nose (E-nose) is demonstrated by hybridizing a chemoresistive gas sensor made of a semiconductor metal oxide (SMO) and a single transistor neuron (1T-neuron) made of a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET). By mimicking a biological olfactory neuron, it simultaneously detects a gas and encoded spike signals for in-sensor neuromorphic functioning. It identifies an odor source by analyzing the complicated mixed signals using a spiking neural network (SNN).

High Accuracy Real-Time Multi-Gas Identification by a Batch-Uniform Gas Sensor Array and Deep Learning Algorithm.

Semiconductor metal oxide (SMO) gas sensors are attracting great attention as next-generation environmental monitoring sensors. However, there are limitations to the actual application of SMO gas sensors due to their low selectivity. Although the electronic nose (E-nose) systems based on a sensor array are regarded as a solution for the selectivity issue, poor accuracy caused by the nonuniformity of the fabricated gas sensors and difficulty of real-time gas detection have yet to be resolved.

Nanogap Formation Using a Chromium Oxide Film and Its Application as a Palladium Hydrogen Switch.

Developing high response hydrogen sensors manufacturable in a large scale is desirable in hydrogen industry. In this study, a chromium oxidation-based nanogap formation process was developed to fabricate a hydrogen switch with suspended palladium and gold films having a tens of nanometer-sized gap. The nanogap was formed by using oxidized chromium as a self-alignment shadow mask.

Comparative methylation and RNA-seq expression analysis in CpG context to identify genes involved in Backfat vs. Liver diversification in Nanchukmacdon Pig.

Background: DNA methylation and demethylation at CpG islands is one of the main regulatory factors that allow cells to respond to different stimuli. These regulatory mechanisms help in developing tissue without affecting the genomic composition or undergoing selection. Liver and backfat play important roles in regulating lipid metabolism and control various pathways involved in reproductive performance, meat quality, and immunity.

Customizable, conformal, and stretchable 3D electronics via predistorted pattern generation and thermoforming.

Recently, three-dimensional electronics (3DE) is attracting huge interest owing to the increasing demands for seamless integration of electronic systems on 3D curvilinear surfaces. However, it is still challenging to fabricate 3DE with high customizability, conformability, and stretchability. Here, we present a fabrication method of 3DE based on predistorted pattern generation and thermoforming.

GWAS and Post-GWAS High-Resolution Mapping Analyses Identify Strong Novel Candidate Genes Influencing the Fatty Acid Composition of the Muscle in Pigs.

Fatty acid (FA) composition is one of the most important parameters for the assessment of meat quality in pigs. The FA composition in pork can also affect human health. Our aim was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and positional candidate genes affecting the FA profile of the muscle in a large F2 intercross between Landrace and Korean native pigs comprising 1105 F2 progeny by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and post-GWAS high-resolution mapping analyses.

Integration of multi-omics approaches for functional characterization of muscle related selective sweep genes in Nanchukmacdon.

Pig as a food source serves daily dietary demand to a wide population around the world. Preference of meat depends on various factors with muscle play the central role. In this regards, selective breeding abled us to develop "Nanchukmacdon" a pig breeds with an enhanced variety of meat and high fertility rate.

Chemo-Mechanically Operating Palladium-Polymer Nanograting Film for a Self-Powered H Gas Sensor.

This study proposes a reliable and self-powered hydrogen (H) gas sensor composed of a chemo-mechanically operating nanostructured film and photovoltaic cell. Specifically, the nanostructured film has a configuration in which an asymmetrically coated palladium (Pd) film is coated on a periodic polyurethane acrylate (PUA) nanograting. The asymmetric Pd nanostructures, optimized by a finite element method simulation, swell upon reacting with H and thereby bend the PUA nanograting, changing the amount of transmitted light and the current output of the photovoltaic cell.

Buffered Oxide Etchant Post-Treatment of a Silicon Nanofilm for Low-Cost and Performance-Enhanced Chemical Sensors.

The high surface-to-volume ratio of nanostructured materials is the key factor for excellent performance when applied to chemical sensors. In order to achieve this by a facile and low-cost fabrication strategy, buffered oxide etchant (BOE) treatment of a silicon (Si)-based sensor was proposed. An n-n-n Si nanofilm structure was treated with a BOE, and palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) were coated on the n-type Si channel surface via short-time electron beam evaporation to enable a highly sensitive and selective sensing of hydrogen (H) gas.

Self-Powered Gas Sensor Based on a Photovoltaic Cell and a Colorimetric Film with Hierarchical Micro/Nanostructures.

We report a new type of self-powered gas sensors based on the combination of a colorimetric film with hierarchical micro/nanostructures and organic photovoltaic cells. The transmittance of the colorimetric film with micro/nanostructures coated with ,,','-tetramethyl--phenylenediamine (TMPD) changes by reacting with NO gas, and it is measured as a current output of the photovoltaic cell. For this purpose, materials for the organic photovoltaic cells were carefully chosen to match the working wavelength of the TMPD.