Dutasteride, a 5 alpha reductase inhibitor, could be associated with the exacerbation of inflammation in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Background: α-1 blockers and dutasteride are widely used as agents to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH); the impact of these drugs on prostatic inflammation is still unclear. Herein, we investigated the impact of α-1 blockers and dutasteride treatment of BPH in terms of the degree of prostatic inflammation.

Materials And Methods: Tissue specimens were obtained from 143 BPH patients who were administered α-1 blockers up until their operation.

PDE5 inhibitor potentially improves polyuria and bladder storage and voiding dysfunctions in type 2 diabetic rats.

Purpose: Bladder dysfunction associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) includes urine storage and voiding disorders. We examined pathological conditions of the bladder wall in a rat T2DM model and evaluated the effects of the phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitor tadalafil.

Materials And Methods: Male Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats and Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats were used as the T2DM and control groups, respectively.

Difficult 6F Guiding Sheath Removal Using the Transradial Artery Approach: A Case Report.

Objective: Recently, the use of the radial artery approach for neuroendovascular treatment has become more frequent. The main advantage of this approach is that there is a low complication risk. However, in the aforementioned case, the 6F guiding sheath proved difficult to remove from the radial artery.

Chronic inflammation in benign prostatic hyperplasia: Pathophysiology and treatment options.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia, a prevalent condition in aging men, is characterized by the proliferation of prostatic epithelial and stromal cells, which leads to bladder outlet obstruction and the exacerbation of lower urinary tract symptoms. There is increasing evidence that chronic prostatic inflammation contributes to the pathogenesis and progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia. This review explores the complex relationship between chronic inflammation and benign prostatic hyperplasia, focusing on the underlying mechanisms, clinical implications, and current therapeutic approaches.

Paradoxical Expression of R-10G-reactive Antigen in Human Testicular Embryonal Carcinoma.

Thus far, several monoclonal antibodies directed against cell-surface carbohydrate antigens have been generated. Among them, R-10G reportedly reacts selectively with human embryonic stem and induced pluripotent stem cells, but not with embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells. However, EC cells derived from patients' EC tumors may exhibit varying levels of R-10G-reactive antigen expression.

Cerebrospinal Fluid CSF Flow Artifacts are Associated with Brain Pulsation in Patients with Severe Carotid Artery Stenoses.

Objective: We investigated the factors associated with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow artifacts on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery imaging in patients with carotid artery (CA) stenosis.

Methods: Each CSF artifact grade was defined by comparing the highest intensity in a given region of interest (ROI) to those in reference ROIs, as follows: higher than the intensity of normal white matter in the centrum semiovale = 2 points; equal to or less than the white matter, and higher than CSF = 1 point; and equal to CSF = 0. CSF flow scores in eight sites were measured and added to the total score (0 -16).

Asymptomatic cerebral findings on 3-Tesla MRI in patients with severe carotid artery stenoses.

Background And Purpose: Small vessel diseases (SVDs) are often asymptomatic. However, SVDs significantly influence the prognosis in patients with large vessel diseases (LVDs). We investigated asymptomatic cerebral findings on 3-Tesla MRI in patients with severe carotid artery (CA) stenoses, compared to peoples without a past history of neurological disorders, including strokes.

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor suppresses prostate weight increase in type 2 diabetic rats.

Aims: Hyperinsulinemia is an important causative factor of prostate enlargement in type 2 diabetes (T2D), however, clinically prostate weight increases during hypoinsulinemic condition. To investigate the pathogenesis of prostate enlargement and effects of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor (PDE5i), male Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) and Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats were used as T2D and control, respectively.

Materials And Methods: OLETF and LETO rats were treated with oral tadalafil (100 μg/kg/day) or vehicle for 12 wks from at the age of 36 wks.

Elongated Internal Carotid Arteries in Patients with Severe Carotid Artery Stenosis.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the risk factors and asymptomatic cerebrovascular diseases associated with elongated internal carotid arteries (ICAs) and the relationship between ICA elongation and severe carotid artery (CA) stenosis.

Methods: We evaluated risk factors for stroke and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in patients with severe CA stenosis compared with people without neurological disorders who underwent brain screening (controls). On magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) images, we measured the longest distance, defined as the ICA distance, from the most distant anterior wall of the cervical ICA at the site of bending or kinking to the line between the origin of the external CA and the anterior protrusion of the ICA near the petrosal bone.

Expression of Mug14 is regulated by the transcription factor Rst2 through the cAMP-dependent protein kinase pathway in Schizosaccharomyces pombe.

The cAMP-dependent protein kinase (Pka1) regulates many cellular events, including sexual development and glycogenesis, and response to the limitation of glucose, in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Despite its importance in many cellular events, the targets of the cAMP/PKA pathway have not been fully investigated. Here, we demonstrate that the expression of mug14 is induced by downregulation of the cAMP/PKA pathway and limitation of glucose.

Development of imaging-based risk scores for prediction of intracranial haemorrhage and ischaemic stroke in patients taking antithrombotic therapy after ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack: a pooled analysis of individual patient data from cohort studies.

Background: Balancing the risks of recurrent ischaemic stroke and intracranial haemorrhage is important for patients treated with antithrombotic therapy after ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack. However, existing predictive models offer insufficient performance, particularly for assessing the risk of intracranial haemorrhage. We aimed to develop new risk scores incorporating clinical variables and cerebral microbleeds, an MRI biomarker of intracranial haemorrhage and ischaemic stroke risk.

Usefulness of Preoperative Simulation Using a Stereolithographic 3D Printer in Cerebral Aneurysm Coil Embolization.

Objective: We present a preoperative simulation of cerebral aneurysm coil embolization using a hollow model of cerebral blood vessels created by a stereolithography (SLA) 3D printer.

Case Presentation: The patient was a 66-year-old woman. During follow-up, coil embolization was planned for an expanding paraclinoid aneurysm.

Protein adsorption on spark plasma sintered 2d-, 3d- and lamellar type mesoporous silicate compacts.

The preparation of lamellar type mesoporous silica (MPS) compact through the spark plasma sintering (SPS) and the adsorption/desorption of protein onto MPS compact are reported to be compared with those onto 2d-hexagonal and 3d-cubic type MPS compacts. A lamellar-type MPS powder (MPS-la) was prepared using triblock copolymer, PEOPPOPEO, and was compacted in a carbon die and heated at 500°C for 5 min under uniaxial pressure. The products are referred to as MPS-la-500.

Duration of smoking cessation is negatively associated with the magnitude of chronic prostatic inflammation and storage dysfunction in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Objectives: To evaluate the impact of smoking and the benefit of smoking cessation on lower urinary tract function and prostatic inflammation in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Methods: The medical records of 118 benign prostatic hyperplasia patients who underwent transurethral prostatic surgery between 2006 and 2016 were analyzed. Their smoking history was confirmed.

Low-dose Docetaxel Enhanced the Anticancer Effect of Temsirolimus by Overcoming Autophagy in Prostate Cancer Cells.

Background/aim: Chemotherapy with docetaxel (DTX) is used for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), but it is inadequate.

Materials And Methods: We evaluated the effect of the combination treatment DTX and the mTOR inhibitor temsirolimus (TEM) in the PC3 prostate cancer cell line, by focusing on the induction of autophagy and apoptosis.

Results: TEM induced autophagy but not apoptosis even at a high dose, whereas DTX induced apoptosis.

Association of Ultrasonography and MRI Findings with Stroke Recurrence: Differences Between Patients with Past Histories of Atherothrombotic Versus Lacunar Infarctions.

Objective: This study investigated the association of MRI and ultrasonography findings with stroke recurrence in patients with past histories of atherothrombotic infarctions (ATIs) or lacunar infarctions (LIs).

Methods: We prospectively analyzed the incidence of stroke recurrence. Deep and lobar cerebral microbleeds (MBs), asymptomatic lacunae, asymptomatic intracerebral hemorrhages (ICHs), severe white matter lesions (WML), and intima-media thickness (IMT) were investigated on enrollment.

Serum C-reactive protein level is not associated with prostatic inflammation but with overactive detrusor in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Aim: Chronic prostatic inflammation is a critical factor that exacerbates lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). The serum C-reactive protein (CRP) level is one of the most common markers with which to assess the degree of inflammation, and it has been reported to be related to the severity of LUTS. However, it is not clear whether the CRP level is linked to the magnitude of prostatic inflammation.

Prostatic stromal inflammation is associated with bladder outlet obstruction in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Background: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common urologic disease in older men. Prostatic inflammation research has focused on the magnitude of inflammation; its location has received little attention. We investigated whether the anatomic location of prostatic inflammation is related to the severity of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), measured subjectively and objectively.

Castration increases PGE release from the bladder epithelium in male rats.

Aims: Androgen deprivation therapy has been widely used for the treatment of prostate cancer. While sexual side effects including decreased sexual desire and function are well studied, there are only limited reports about its influences on lower urinary tract symptoms. The aim of this study is to clarify the influences of castration in male rats.