Utility of neuromelanin-sensitive MRI in the diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies.

Objective: Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is recognized as the second most common cause of degenerative dementia in older people with Alzheimer's disease (AD), and distinguishing between these 2 diseases may be challenging in clinical practice. However, accurate differentiation is important because these 2 diseases have different prognoses and require different care. Recently, several studies have reported that neuromelanin-sensitive MRI can detect neurodegeneration in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc).

Short-term recovery of insulin secretion in response to a meal is associated with future glycemic control in type 2 diabetes patients.

Aims/introduction: Endogenous insulin secretion could be recovered by improving hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the association between short-term recovery of insulin secretion during hospitalization and clinical background or future glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Materials And Methods: A total of 127 patients with type 2 diabetes were included.

Association between longitudinal changes in striatal dopamine transporter uptake and clinical features of dementia with Lewy bodies.

Background: It is widely known that there is low striatal I-2β-Carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl)-N-(3- fluoropropyl) nortropane ( I-FP-CIT) dopamine transporter single photon emission tomography (DaT-SPECT) uptake in patients with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). No studies to date have analyzed the association between longitudinal changes of clinical features and DaT uptake in patients with Parkinson syndrome, particularly those with DLB. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the longitudinal changes in DaT uptake and the severity of parkinsonism and cognitive function in DLB patients.

Gastrocolic fistula caused by transverse colon cancer: a case report.

Background: A gastrocolic fistula is an unusual communication between the colon and the stomach. Although colon cancer is the most common malignant cause of gastrocolic fistula in the Western world, the incidence of gastrocolic fistula due to colon cancer is 0.3% in operated cases.

Recurrent distal cholangiocarcinoma and humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy: report of a rare case and literature review.

A 61-year-old Japanese woman presented with epigastric pain and jaundice. Imaging showed the presence of primary distal cholangiocarcinoma (DCC). A subtotal stomach-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed, followed by chemotherapy using S-1.

Perioperative C-peptide index is associated with the status of diabetes management after pancreatectomy.

Aims/introduction: This study aimed to identify the clinical factors affecting postoperative residual pancreatic β-cell function, as assessed by the C-peptide index (CPI), and to investigate the association between perioperative CPI and the status of diabetes management after pancreatectomy.

Materials And Methods: The associations between perioperative CPI and clinical background, including surgical procedures of pancreatectomy, were analyzed in 47 patients who underwent pancreatectomy, and were assessed for pre-and postoperative CPI. The association between perioperative CPI and glycemic control after pancreatectomy was investigated.

Multiple evanescent white dot syndrome following vaccination for COVID-19: A case report.

Rationale: Multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS) is an acute, usually unilateral, retinal disorder of unknown etiology that predominantly occurs in healthy young women. We report a case of bilateral asymmetric MEWDS that developed following the first vaccination for coronavirus-19 and worsened after a second vaccination.

Patient Concerns: A 30-year-old Japanese woman was examined in an eye clinic for blurred vision in her left eye for 1 week duration.

Comparison of 2- and 4-week S-1 administration as adjuvant chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer.

Background: A 4-week administration of tegafur/gimeracil/oteracil (S-1) followed by a 2-week rest is the standard adjuvant chemotherapy for surgically resected advanced gastric cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the oncological feasibility of a 2-week S-1 administration followed by a 1-week rest, which is frequently applied in clinical practice to reduce toxicity and improve drug adherence.

Methods: We retrospectively enrolled patients with stage II/III gastric cancer who received S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy following radical gastrectomy from 2006 to 2016 in three institutions.

Modified Reinforced Staple Closure Technique Decreases Postoperative Pancreatic Fistula After Distal Pancreatectomy.

Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) is a serious complication that can occur following distal pancreatectomy (DP). Recent studies demonstrated that the use of reinforced staplers with bioabsorbable mesh significantly reduced the incidence of POPF, although the safety and efficacy of this approach remain controversial. Therefore, we originally developed a modified closure technique that combines the use of a reinforced stapler with bioabsorbable mesh with suture closure of the main pancreatic duct.

Pathological complete response after preoperative chemotherapy including FOLFOX plus bevacizumab for locally advanced rectal cancer: A case report and literature review.

Background: In Japan, the significance and efficacy of preoperative chemotherapy alone for locally advanced rectal cancer remain controversial. This case report presents the apparent effectiveness of preoperative FOLFOX plus bevacizumab as shown by pathological complete response (pCR). Additionally, we review the relevant literature and discuss the clinical management of locally advanced rectal cancer with preoperative chemotherapy.

Remnant pancreatic volume as an indicator of poor prognosis in pancreatic cancer patients after resection.

Background: Remnant pancreatic volume (RPV) is a well-known marker for short-term outcomes in pancreatic cancer patients after resection. However, in terms of the long-term outcomes, the significance of the RPV value remains unclear. Here, we address whether the RPV value is a predictor of the long-term outcomes in pancreatic cancer patients after resection by comparing various cancer-, patient-, and surgery-related prognostic factors and systemic inflammatory response markers in a retrospective cohort.

Detectability of the choroid plexus of the third ventricle with magnetic resonance ventriculography.

Purpose: To clarify the detectability of the choroid plexus of the third ventricle (ChPl3V) with magnetic resonance ventriculography (MRVn) employing a steady-state free precession (SSFP) sequence in comparison to surgical endoscopic movies as a golden standard, as we encountered some clinical cases of total agenesis of corpus callosum (ACC) where we could not recognize the choroid plexus of the third ventricle and found no previous article addressing this problem.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study included consecutive patients from 2010 to 2016 for whom endoscopic evaluation of the third ventricle was conducted. The anterior portion of the right and left streaks of ChPl3V was evaluated in 8 patients on 16 sites, while the posterior portion of both streaks of ChPl3V was evaluated in 13 patients on 26 sites.

The natural history of incidental retroperitoneal schwannomas.

The natural history of asymptomatic retroperitoneal schwannomas is poorly understood. This study aimed at investigating the natural history of incidental retroperitoneal schwannomas. The medical charts and imaging studies of 22 asymptomatic patients under observation for at least 12 months for retroperitoneal schwannomas were reviewed.

Three-Dimensional Remnant Pancreatic Volumetry Predicts Postoperative Pancreatic Fistula in Pancreatic Cancer Patients after Pancreaticoduodenectomy.

Background: Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) is a serious complication that can occur following pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). Recent studies suggest that remnant pancreatic volume (RPV) values from preoperative multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) are highly predictive of POPF. We performed three-dimensional (3D) surgical simulation of PD including RPV measurements.

Three-dimensional surgical simulation of the bile duct and vascular arrangement in pancreatoduodenectomy: A retrospective cohort study.

Background/aims: We evaluated the usefulness of three-dimensional (3D) images for pancreatoduodenectomy (PD), including the classification of the bile duct and vascular arrangement, i.e., hepatic artery, inferior mesenteric vein (IMV) and left gastric vein (LGV).

Gastric adenocarcinoma of fundic gland mucosa type localized in the submucosa: A case report.

Rationale: Gastric adenocarcinoma of fundic gland type (GA-FG) is a new histological type of gastric cancer manifesting with differentiation into a fundic gland. Furthermore, gastric adenocarcinoma of fundic gland mucosa type (GA-FGM) is a tumor that shows differentiation into not only a fundic gland but also foveolar epithelium and a mucous gland. These tumors tend to invade the submucosal layer.

The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) predicts short-term and long-term outcomes in gastric cancer patients.

Background: The preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a well-known prognostic marker for gastric cancer patients. However, the utility of the NLR in predicting short-term outcomes in gastric cancer patients remains unclear. Here, we investigated whether the preoperative NLR is a predictor of short-term outcomes in gastric cancer patients.

Denosumab as a potential therapeutic option for leiomyosarcoma with osteoclast-like giant cells: A case report.

Bone leiomyosarcoma is a rare primary osseous malignant tumor with a high metastatic potential. Similar to other bone sarcomas, high histological grade and tumor stage are predictive of a poor outcome. We herein present our experience with treating a 64-year-old woman with bone leiomyosarcoma accompanied by multiple bone metastases.

Collision tumor consisting of a colorectal adenocarcinoma and dissemination of a gastric adenocarcinoma.

Background: Collision tumors, composed of histologically distinct tumor types, are rare entities, especially in the colorectum, and corresponding evidence-based clinical management or treatment strategies are poorly defined. This is the first report of a collision tumor composed of two histologically distinct adenocarcinomas.

Case Presentation: A 78-year-old male showed severe anemia and a 10% body weight loss over 1 month.

Hepatic sarcoidosis mimicking cholangiocellular carcinoma: A case report and literature review.

Introduction: Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disease characterized by the presence of non-caseating granulomas in affected organs. Almost 70% of patients with a sarcoidosis reaction have hepatic involvement. However, evidence-based clinical management or treatment strategies for hepatic sarcoidosis are poorly defined.

The impact of three-dimensional reconstruction on laparoscopic-assisted surgery for right-sided colon cancer.

Introduction: During laparoscopic-assisted colorectal surgery (LACS) for right-sided colon cancer patients, we performed three-dimensional (3D) surgical simulation to investigate vascular anatomy, including the ileocolic artery (ICA), right colic artery (RCA) and superior mesenteric vein (SMV).

Aim: We also used 3D imaging to examine the shortest distance from the root of the ileocolic vein (ICV) to the gastrocolic trunk (GCT).

Material And Methods: We analyzed 46 right-sided colon cancer patients who underwent 3D-simulated LACS.

Improved wedge method for the measurement of sub-millimeter slice thicknesses in magnetic resonance imaging.

The standard method for measuring the slice thickness of magnetic resonance images uses the inclined surface of a wedge (wedge method); it is sensitive to small increases in noise because of the differentiation of the edge response function (ERF) required. The purpose of this study was to improve the wedge method by fitting a curve to the ERF. The curve-fit function was obtained by convolving an ideal ERF (a ramp function) with a Gaussian function to represent ERF blurring.

A malignant solitary fibrous tumour arising from the first lumbar vertebra and mimicking an osteosarcoma: a case report.

Background: A solitary fibrous tumour (SFT) is an unusual neoplasm typically found in soft tissues. Although SFTs can arise in the bones, they very rarely arise in the vertebral arch. Here, we describe a case of a SFT that arose in the vertebral arch of the first lumbar (L1) spinal vertebrae and mimicked osteosarcoma.

The Impact of Laparoscopic-assisted Colorectal Surgery Using 3-dimensional Reconstruction for Highly Obese Patients With Colorectal Cancer.

Objectives: During laparoscopic-assisted colorectal surgery (LACS), precise recognition of the anatomic variations and relationships among tumor and vessels is required. However, in highly obese patients, it is more difficult to grasp the surgical anatomy due to the presence of dense mesenteric fat tissue. We utilized a 3-dimensional (3D) reconstructed image for preoperative simulation and intraoperative navigation for LACS.