Maternal mental health and offspring's IQ: Evidence from two Brazilian birth cohorts.

Maternal mental health during different stages of life can have a significant impact on a child's cognitive development. This study aimed to investigate the association between maternal CMD at two distinct stages of the offspring's life (at 3 months and 11 years) and their IQ scores at 6 and 18 years across two birth cohorts. The study utilized data from two Brazilian birth cohorts: the 1993 cohort (full sample: N = 3719, subsample: N = 436), and the 2004 Pelotas Birth Cohort (N = 3440).

Corrigendum: Trends and Inequalities in Unplanned Pregnancy in Three Population-Based Birth Cohorts in Pelotas, Brazil.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1007/s00038-020-01505-0.].

Influence of maternal excess weight before pregnancy on breast-feeding and weaning: pooled analyses of four population-based cohorts born between 1982 and 2015.

To investigate the associations of maternal excess weight before pregnancy with (1) weaning at 3 months of age, (2) duration of exclusive breast-feeding at 6 months of age, (3) duration of any breast-feeding at 12 months of age and (4) to compare the magnitude of these associations over four decades. Data were from participants in the Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohorts born in 1982 ( 5334), 1993 ( 1442), 2004 ( 4092) and 2015 ( 4102). Maternal pre-pregnancy weight was collected after the delivery and breast-feeding status was assessed when children were 3 and 12 months old.

Trends and inequalities in unplanned pregnancy in three population-based birth cohorts in Pelotas, Brazil.

Objectives: To assess time trends in unplanned pregnancy, stratified by sociodemographic status, reproductive history, and inequalities in family income and women's skin color, in Pelotas, Brazil.

Methods: Data from mothers of participants of the 1993 (N = 5264), 2004 (N = 4243), and 2015 (N = 4268) Pelotas birth cohorts were analyzed. Unplanned pregnancy was investigated in the perinatal period, with tests to assess changes over time among different sociodemographic and reproductive history subgroups and inequalities as a function of family income and skin color.

Maternal and child-health outcomes in pregnancies following Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART): a prospective cohort study.

Background: Studies comparing the outcome of spontaneous versus assisted reproductive technologies (ART) pregnancies report heterogeneous results. Despite the success of ART to overcome infertility, concern is growing regarding both its safety and its effect on maternal and child health. The objective of this study was to compare maternal and child-health outcomes after ART relative to natural conception.

Maternal depression symptoms and use of child health-care services at The Pelotas 2004 Birth Cohort.

Objective: To investigate the influence of maternal depression on child health-care services utilization.

Methodology: Data from The Pelotas 2004 Birth Cohort collected at birth and at 12- and 24-month follow-ups were used. Four outcomes occurring in the second year of life were investigated: number of well-baby visits, number of medical appointments, number of visits to emergency rooms, and number of hospitalizations.

Intellectual Disability in a Birth Cohort: Prevalence, Etiology, and Determinants at the Age of 4 Years.

Background: Intellectual disability (ID), characterized by impairments in intellectual function and adaptive behavior, affects 1-3% of the population. Many studies investigated its etiology, but few are cohort studies in middle-income countries.

Aims: To estimate prevalence, etiology, and factors related to ID among children prospectively followed since birth in a Southern Brazilian city (Pelotas).

Food consumption of children younger than 6 years according to the degree of food processing.

Objective: To evaluate food intake according to the degree of processing, stratified by family income and age, in a representative sample of children younger than 6 years in the city of Pelotas, RS, Brazil.

Methods: Cross-sectional population-based study carried out with 770 children aged 0-72 months of age living in the urban area of Pelotas. The dietary intake of children was assessed by 24-h recall administered to mothers or guardians.

Oral mucosal lesions' impact on oral health-related quality of life in preschool children.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions and their impact on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in children aged 5 years.

Methods: A sample of 1118 children from Pelotas' birth cohort, born in 2004 (response rate of 85.8%), were selected to participate in the study.

[Diet quality of preschool children aged 2 to 5 years living in the urban area of Pelotas, Brazil].

Objective:: To assess the dietary quality of preschool children in the urban area of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil.

Methods:: Dietary quality was measured according to the Healthy Eating Index (HEI), adapted to Brazil. Food consumption was obtained using the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ).

Knowledge and beliefs concerning early childhood caries from mothers of children ages zero to 12 months.

Purpose: This study's purpose was to assess mothers' knowledge and beliefs about early childhood caries (ECC) etiology and prevention.

Methods: This cross-sectional study targeted mothers (N=277) of zero- to 12-month-olds visiting 12 public health care centers in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Information on causes of and recommendations to prevent ECC, as well as socioeconomic and demographic variables, was collected.

Knowledge and Beliefs Concerning Early Childhood Caries From Mothers of Children Ages Zero to 12 Months.

Purpose: This study's purpose was to assess mothers' knowledge and beliefs about early childhood caries (ECC) etiology and prevention.

Methods: This cross-sectional study targeted mothers (N=277) of zero- to 12-month-olds visiting 12 public health care centers in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Information on causes of and recommendations to prevent ECC, as well as socioeconomic and demographic variables, was collected.

Gestational age at birth and morbidity, mortality, and growth in the first 4 years of life: findings from three birth cohorts in Southern Brazil.

Background: We assessed anthropometric status, breastfeeding duration, morbidity, and mortality outcomes during the first four years of life according to gestational age, in three population-based birth cohorts in the city of Pelotas, Southern Brazil.

Methods: Total breastfeeding duration, neonatal mortality, infant morbidity and mortality, and anthropometric measures taken at 12 and 48 months were evaluated in children of different gestational ages born in 1982, 1993 and 2004 in Southern Brazil.

Results: Babies born <34 weeks of gestation and those born between 34-36 weeks presented increased morbidity and mortality, were breastfed for shorter periods, and were more likely to be undernourished at 12 months of life, in comparison with the 39-41 weeks group.

Non classical risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review of the literature.

Age, obesity and family history of diabetes are well known risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus. Others are more controversial. The objective of this review is to find evidence in the literature that justifies the inclusion of these other conditions among risk factors.

A double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial of 10 percent versus 16 percent carbamide peroxide tooth-bleaching agents: one-year follow-up.

Background: The use of high-concentration tooth-bleaching agents has been associated with increased longevity of the whitening effect. The authors conducted a randomized controlled clinical trial to evaluate the longevity of the whitening effect at one year of two at-home tooth-bleaching agents.

Methods: The authors randomly assigned 92 participants with a mean shade of C1 or darker for six maxillary anterior teeth into two equal-sized groups according to carbamide peroxide concentration: 10 percent (CP10) or 16 percent (CP16).

Efficacy and safety of 10% and 16% carbamide peroxide tooth-whitening gels: a randomized clinical trial.

This double-blind randomized clinical trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of two carbamide peroxide concentrations used in at-home vital bleaching. Ninety-two volunteers with a shade mean of C1 or darker for the six maxillary anterior teeth were randomized into two balanced groups (n=46) according to bleaching agent concentration: 10% (CP10) or 16% (CP16) carbamide peroxide. The patients were instructed to use the whitening agent in a tray for two hours once a day for three weeks.

Validation and reliability of visual assessment with a shade guide for tooth-color classification.

This study evaluated the validity and reliability of the visual assessment of tooth color using a commercial shade guide. Ninety-two individuals were randomly selected from subjects enrolled in a randomized controlled trial comparing two formulations of carbamide peroxide. Initially, each individual had the color of his or her six maxillary anterior teeth (n=552) determined by one examiner using a digital spectrophotometer (Vita Easyshade).

Impact of an educational intervention to promote condom use among the male partners of HIV positive women.

Rationale Aims And Objectives: Promoting the secondary prevention of HIV transmission is essential.

Method: An intervention. aimed at increasing condom use by partners.

Factors associated with condom use in women from an urban area in southern Brazil.

This study investigated the prevalence of factors associated with condom use during last sexual intercourse in 15-49-year-old women in a probabilistic sample from the urban area of Pelotas, southern Brazil. A questionnaire administered by an interviewer, investigating socioeconomic characteristics and habits, and another (self-administered) questionnaire on sexual behavior-related variables were used. Poisson regression, following a hierarchical model, was used for data analysis.

[Gastroesophageal reflux disease: prevalence and associated factors].

Background: O gastroesophageal reflux is a high prevalent disease with prevalence rates ranging from 21 to 56% in different countries.

Objective: To study the epidemiology and the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease among adult population (20 years and old) at the city of Pelotas, southern Brazil.

Methodology: A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted.

[Impact of interventions promoting condom use among HIV-infected individuals].

In order to identify educational interventions promoting male condom use during intercourse among HIV+ persons, we conducted a systematic review of publications. Lilacs/Bireme, Medline and Popline data sets and CDC and UNAIDS sites were searched without time limit. Uniterms used were: women; men; interventions; HIV; Aids; HIV positive; risk behaviors; sexual risk behaviors; and intervention studies.

[Effectiveness of nutritional counseling provided by the Children's Mission on hemoglobin variation in under-six children].

A community intervention was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of leadership training in the Children's Mission (of the Brazilian Catholic Church) for providing nutritional counseling on hemoglobin variation in children less than six years of age. Two areas of activity by the Children's Mission in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, were randomly selected and the leaders in one were trained (intervention group). The other area constituted the control group.

[Association of stressful life events and psychological distress: a community-based study].

A cross-sectional study was conducted in 1999 to investigate the association between stressful psychosocial events and psychological distress. A Faces Scale was used to measure the outcome. Death and illness in the family, divorce, robbery, injury, migration, and loss of employment in the previous year were investigated through interviews with 3,942 individuals over 20 years.

[Epidemiology of psychological distress: a population-based cross-sectional study].

Objective: To determine the prevalence and distribution of psychological distress in an urban adult population.

Methods: A total of 3,942 individuals over 20 years old in the city of Pelotas, Brazil, were studied. Psychological distress was defined using an indicator of well-being, the Faces Scale, and self-perception of nervousness.