Electro-optical properties of nano-thickness polymer film.

We report the electro-optical (E/O) characteristics of the Langmuir-Blodgett film of poly(vinylidene fluoride with trifluoroethylene) copolymers. The structural origin of E/O response of nano LB films was discussed with the result of temperature dependent E/O response at a temperature range from 20 to 100 degrees C. Thermal hysteresis of E/O response and the ferroelectric-paraelectric phase transition were observed at a 20 monomolecular layers Langmuir-Blodgett films.

Cloning and characterization of a rice cDNA encoding glutamate decarboxylase.

In this study, we have isolated a rice (Oryza sativa L.) glutamate decarboxylase (RicGAD) clone from a root cDNA library, using a partial Arabidopsis thaliana GAD gene as a probe. The rice root cDNA library was constructed with mRNA, which had been derived from the roots of rice seedlings subjected to phosphorus deprivation.