Development and evaluation of a collaborative reflection-based debriefing strategy for simulation-based education using virtual simulations in practical nursing: A randomized controlled trial.

Aim: To develop and validate a debriefing strategy for simulation-based education in practical nursing that fosters collaborative reflection and enhances nursing competencies. The study assesses the effects on knowledge, problem-solving skills, self-confidence in clinical decision-making, reflective thinking and student satisfaction.

Background: Advancements in medical technology and the evolving healthcare landscape have increased nurses' expectations, prompting nursing education to emphasize practical skills in addition to theoretical knowledge.

[Effectiveness of the Eye Care Protocol in the Intensive Care Unit Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial].

Purpose: This study investigated the effects of an eye care protocol (ECP) on patients in the intensive care unit (ICU).

Methods: This study utilized a randomized controlled design. Participants were patients who met the inclusion criteria and were admitted to the ICU (36 in the experimental group and 38 in the control group).

Taurine Chloramine-Mediated Nrf2 Activation and HO-1 Induction Confer Protective Effects in Astrocytes.

Taurine is ubiquitously distributed in mammalian tissues, with the highest levels in the brain, heart, and leukocytes. Taurine reacts with hypochlorous acid (HOCl) to produce taurine chloramine (Tau-Cl) via the myeloperoxidase (MPO) system. In this study, we elucidated the antioxidative and protective effects of Tau-Cl in astrocytes.

ERK Inhibition Increases RANKL-Induced Osteoclast Differentiation in RAW 264.7 Cells by Stimulating AMPK Activation and RANK Expression and Inhibiting Anti-Osteoclastogenic Factor Expression.

Bone absorption is necessary for the maintenance of bone homeostasis. An osteoclast (OC) is a monocyte-macrophage lineage cell that absorbs bone tissue. Extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) are known to play important roles in regulating OC growth and differentiation.

Taurine Chloramine Inhibits Leukocyte Migration by Suppressing Actin Polymerization and Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase.

Taurine, one of the most abundant amino acids, is ubiquitously distributed in mammalian tissues and is known to react with myeloperoxidase-derived hypochlorous acid (HOCl/OCl) to produce taurine chloramine (Tau-Cl), which prevents inflammation by both suppressing pro-inflammatory mediators and increasing antioxidant levels. The migration of inflammatory cells, including neutrophils and macrophages, to infection sites is critical to the development of inflammation. In the present study, we investigated whether Tau-Cl suppresses the migration of inflammatory cells.

Carbon Monoxide Regulates Macrophage Differentiation and Polarization toward the M2 Phenotype through Upregulation of Heme Oxygenase 1.

Carbon monoxide (CO) is generated by heme oxygenase (HO), and HO-1 is highly induced in monocytes and macrophages upon stimulation. Monocytes differentiate into macrophages, including pro-inflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2) cells, in response to environmental signals. The present study investigated whether CO modulates macrophage differentiation and polarization, by applying the CO-releasing molecule-3 (CORM-3).

Taurine Protects against Postischemic Brain Injury via the Antioxidant Activity of Taurine Chloramine.

Taurine is ubiquitously distributed in mammalian tissues and is highly concentrated in the heart, brain, and leukocytes. Taurine exerts neuroprotective effects in various central nervous system diseases and can suppress infarct formation in stroke. Taurine reacts with myeloperoxidase (MPO)-derived hypochlorous acid (HOCl) to produce taurine chloramine (Tau-Cl).

Taurine chloramine selectively regulates neutrophil degranulation through the inhibition of myeloperoxidase and upregulation of lactoferrin.

Taurine is a free amino acid rich in neutrophils, and neutrophils play an important role in the forefront defense against infection. Upon neutrophil activation, taurine reacts with hypochlorous acid (HOCl/OCl) produced by the myeloperoxidase (MPO) system and gets converted to taurine chloramine (Tau-Cl). Neutrophils have three types of granules, of which the primary granule MPO, secondary granule lactoferrin, and tertiary granule matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 are released into the extracellular space by a process called degranulation.

Effect of Co-Administration of and on Postmenopausal Osteoporosis in Ovariectomized Mice.

Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a common disorder resulting from increased osteoclastic activity. To determine the effect of on postmenopausal osteoporosis, ovariectomized (OVX) mice were treated with 500 mg/kg/day extract (Pg) alone or in combination with hot water extract of (Bo) daily for 10 weeks, and the effect of the treatments on OVX-induced bone loss was examined. Bone weight, bone mineral density (BMD), osteoclast (OC) formation, OC marker expression, and biochemical parameters in blood were determined.

Opposing roles of hematopoietic-specific small GTPase Rac2 and the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Vav1 in osteoclast differentiation.

Vav1 regulates Rac activation as a hematopoietic-specific Rho/Rac-family guanine nucleotide exchange factor. Rac is a subfamily of Rho GTPases that regulates the bone-resorbing capacity of osteoclasts (OCs). In this study, we show that hematopoietic-specific Rac2 and Vav1 play opposing roles by enhancing or attenuating OC differentiation, respectively.

Inhibition of MEK/ERK upregulates GSH production and increases RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation in RAW 264.7 cells.

Osteoclasts (OCs) are multinucleated cells that are phylogenetically evolved from monocyte-macrophage lineage and are essential for skeletal coupling processes. During bone development, bone formation by osteoblasts and bone resorption by OCs are tightly coupled and are involved in bone homeostasis. Therefore, it is essential to understand the mechanisms that regulate OC differentiation in order to develop effective therapeutics for the treatment of OC-associated diseases.

Taurine Chloramine Inhibits Osteoclastic Differentiation and Osteoclast Marker Expression in RAW 264.7 Cells.

Taurine is an abundant sulfur-containing amino acid in myeloid cells. It undergoes halogenation in activated phagocytes and is converted to taurine chloramine (TauCl) and taurine bromamine. Bone homeostasis is mediated by the balance between bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclasts.

Vav1 inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption.

Vav1 is a Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor primarily expressed in hematopoietic cells. In this study, we investigated the potential role of Vav1 in osteoclast (OC) differentiation by comparing the ability of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs) obtained from Vav1-deficient (Vav1-/-) and wild-type (WT) mice to differentiate into mature OCs upon stimulation with macrophage colony stimulating factor and receptor activator of nuclear kappa B ligand in vitro. Our results suggested that Vav1 deficiency promoted the differentiation of BMMCs into OCs, as indicated by the increased expression of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, cathepsin K, and calcitonin receptor.

[Risk Factors of Medical Device-Related Pressure Ulcer in Intensive Care Units].

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics of and risk factors for medical-device-related pressure ulcer (MDRPU) development in intensive care units.

Methods: A prospective cohort study design was used, and the participants were 253 adult patients who had stayed in medical and surgical intensive care units. Data were collected regarding the application of medical devices and MDRPU-related characteristics over a period of six months from June to November, 2017.

Synthesis of N-Chloroamino Acids and Their Biological Activities in LPS Stimulated RAW 264.7 Cells.

Amino acids (AAs) are essential for protein synthesis, neurotransmission and macro molecule biosynthesis. Ala, Gln, Gly, Lys, Val and taurine (Tau) are the most abundant free AAs in mammals, and some of these react with hypochlorite (HOCl/OCl) produced by myeloperoxidase in activated phagocytes to form N-chloroamino acids (NCAA). In this study, we reacted 20 AAs and Tau with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), then classified the products into five types (I-V) based on the change in their absorbance.

NADPH oxidase gp91 contributes to RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation by upregulating NFATc1.

Bone-marrow derived monocyte-macrophages (BMMs) differentiate into osteoclasts by M-CSF along subsequent RANKL stimulation possibly in collaboration with many other unknown cytokines released by pre- or mature osteoblasts. The differentiation process requires receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL)/RANK signaling and reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide anion (O). Gp91, a plasma membrane subunit of NADPH oxidase (Nox), is constitutively expressed in BMMs and plays a major role in superoxide anion production.

Rice mutants deficient in ω-3 fatty acid desaturase (FAD8) fail to acclimate to cold temperatures.

To investigate the role of ω-3 fatty acid (FA) desaturase (FAD8) during cold acclimation in higher plants, we characterized three independent T-DNA insertional knock-out mutants of OsFAD8 from rice (Oryza sativa L.). At room temperature (28 °C), osfad8 plants exhibited significant alterations in fatty acid (FA) unsaturation for all four investigated plastidic lipid classes.

Arabidopsis Qc-SNARE gene AtSFT12 is involved in salt and osmotic stress responses and Na(+) accumulation in vacuoles.

AtSFT12, an Arabidopsis Qc-SNARE protein, is localized to Golgi organelles and is involved in salt and osmotic stress responses via accumulation of Na (+) in vacuoles. To reduce the detrimental effects of environmental stresses, plants have evolved many defense mechanisms. Here, we identified an Arabidopsis Qc-SNARE gene, AtSFT12, involved in salt and osmotic stress responses using an activation-tagging method.

Taurine chloramine administered in vivo increases NRF2-regulated antioxidant enzyme expression in murine peritoneal macrophages.

Taurine chloramine (TauCl) is produced from taurine by the -myeloperoxidase-halide system in activated neutrophils via a stoichiometric reaction between taurine and HOCl. TauCl has been shown to provide cytoprotection against inflammatory tissue injury by inhibiting the overproduction of inflammatory mediators and also by increasing the expression of antioxidant enzymes that are regulated by nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 in murine macrophages. In this study, primary murine macrophages were prepared after either by injection of 3% thioglycolate into mouse peritoneal cavity or by differentiation of the isolated bone marrow cells.

Impact of health education on the prevalence of enterobiasis in Korean preschool students.

Health education has been shown to be effective in slowing the spread of the disease, infectious disease in particular. To evaluate the impact of health education on the prevalence and pattern of new infection of enterobiasis, children from 6 kindergartens in Ulsan city, South Korea, were recruited after undergoing a screening for enterobiasis, and then divided into three groups, including group medication (GM), education (Edu), and control group. All children in GM group received medical treatment with 500 mg albendazole twice, with 15 days interval.

Arabidopsis lenc1 mutant displays reduced ABA accumulation by low AtNCED3 expression under osmotic stress.

The plant hormone, abscisic acid (ABA), is a main signal transducer that confers abiotic stress tolerance to plants. Although the pathway of ABA production and the genes catalyzing its biosynthesis are largely defined, the regulatory mechanism of ABA biosynthesis in response to abiotic stress remains much unknown. In this study, to identify upstream genes regulating ABA biosynthesis involved in abiotic stress signal transduction, Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with altered promoter activity of 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase 3 (NCED3), a key gene in ABA biosynthesis, were identified and characterized.

OsDEG10 encoding a small RNA-binding protein is involved in abiotic stress signaling.

Excessive light can be harmful to photosynthetic apparatus since it causes photoinhibition and photooxidation, and plants often encounter hypoxic or anoxic environments when they become submerged by heavy rain or an ensuing flood. In this study, Oryza sativa Differentially Expressed Genes (OsDEGs) from rice under photooxidation and anoxia conditions were isolated using DD-PCR. Among them, OsDEG10 is predicted to encode a small RNA-binding protein (RBP) and the transcript levels of OsDEG10 strongly increased under most of abiotic stress treatments such as high light, anoxia, NaCl, ABA, MV and cold.

[Status of nosocomial urinary tract infections in the ICU: molecular epidemiology of imipenem resistant P. aeruginosa].

Purpose: This retrospective study was done to evaluate the status of nosocomial urinary tract infections and to determine the risk factors and transmission route of causal IRPA through molecular epidemiology.

Method: Two hundred ninety-nine of 423 patients admitted to the internal medicine and surgery ICU at a university hospital incity B had a positive urine culture. Twelve of the 299 patients who had a urinary tract infection had IRPA strains.